Test Bank - McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology:
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 9th Edition
By Julia Rogers
(All Chapters 1-49, Verified Answers with Rationales)
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
UNIT ONE: THE CELL, 1
1. Cellular Biology, 1
2. Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents, 6
3. The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases, 13
UNIT TWO: GENES AND GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION, 20
4. Genes and Genetic Diseases, 20
5. Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases, 25
6. Epigenetics and Disease, 28
UNIT THREE: MECHANISMS OF SELF-DEFENSE, 31
7. Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing, 31
8. Adaptive Immunity, 38
9. Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation, 42
10. Infection, 47
11. Stress and Disease, 53
UNIT FOUR: CELLULAR PROLIFERATION: CANCER, 57
12. Cancer Biology, 57
13. Cancer Epidemiology, 63
14. Cancer in Children, 66
UNIT FIVE: THE NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM, 69
15. Structure and Function of the Neurologic System, 69
16. Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function, 76
17. Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function, 83
18. Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction, 90
19. Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders, 96
20. Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children, 101
UNIT SIX: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM, 104
21. Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation, 104
22. Alterations of Hormonal Regulation, 110
23. Obesity, Starvation, and Anorexia of Aging, 118
UNIT SEVEN: THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS, 122
24. Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems, 122
25. Alterations of the Female Reproductive System, 126
26. Alterations of the Male Reproductive System, 133
27. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 136
UNIT EIGHT: THE HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEM, 141
28. Structure and Function of the Hematologic System, 141
29. Alterations of Erythrocyte, Platelet, and Hemostatic Function, 148
,30. Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children, 159
UNIT NINE: THE CARDIOVASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS, 165
31. Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems, 165
32. Alterations of Cardiovascular Function, 172
33. Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children, 182
UNIT TEN: THE PULMONARY SYSTEM, 188
34. Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System, 188
35. Alterations of Pulmonary Function, 195
36. Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children, 204
UNIT ELEVEN: THE RENAL AND UROLOGIC SYSTEMS, 210
37. Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems, 210
38. Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function, 216
39. Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children, 223
UNIT TWELVE: THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, 228
40. Structure and Function of the Digestive System, 228
41. Alterations of Digestive Function, 236
42. Alterations of Digestive Function in Children, 244
UNIT THIRTEEN: THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM, 249
43. Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System, 249
44. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function, 255
45. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children, 264
UNIT FOURTEEN: THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM, 270
46. Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument, 270
47. Alterations of the Integument in Children, 277
UNIT FIFTEEN: MULTIPLE INTERACTING SYSTEMS, 282
48. Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults, 282
49. Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children, 287
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
d. Cells can synthesize fats.
Answer: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surroundings. The
remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
Answer: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular
DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The mitochondria are
responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function as the
intracellular digestive system.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen
atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 9th Edition
By Julia Rogers
(All Chapters 1-49, Verified Answers with Rationales)
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
UNIT ONE: THE CELL, 1
1. Cellular Biology, 1
2. Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents, 6
3. The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases, 13
UNIT TWO: GENES AND GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION, 20
4. Genes and Genetic Diseases, 20
5. Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases, 25
6. Epigenetics and Disease, 28
UNIT THREE: MECHANISMS OF SELF-DEFENSE, 31
7. Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing, 31
8. Adaptive Immunity, 38
9. Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation, 42
10. Infection, 47
11. Stress and Disease, 53
UNIT FOUR: CELLULAR PROLIFERATION: CANCER, 57
12. Cancer Biology, 57
13. Cancer Epidemiology, 63
14. Cancer in Children, 66
UNIT FIVE: THE NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM, 69
15. Structure and Function of the Neurologic System, 69
16. Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function, 76
17. Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function, 83
18. Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction, 90
19. Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders, 96
20. Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children, 101
UNIT SIX: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM, 104
21. Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation, 104
22. Alterations of Hormonal Regulation, 110
23. Obesity, Starvation, and Anorexia of Aging, 118
UNIT SEVEN: THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS, 122
24. Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems, 122
25. Alterations of the Female Reproductive System, 126
26. Alterations of the Male Reproductive System, 133
27. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 136
UNIT EIGHT: THE HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEM, 141
28. Structure and Function of the Hematologic System, 141
29. Alterations of Erythrocyte, Platelet, and Hemostatic Function, 148
,30. Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children, 159
UNIT NINE: THE CARDIOVASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS, 165
31. Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems, 165
32. Alterations of Cardiovascular Function, 172
33. Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children, 182
UNIT TEN: THE PULMONARY SYSTEM, 188
34. Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System, 188
35. Alterations of Pulmonary Function, 195
36. Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children, 204
UNIT ELEVEN: THE RENAL AND UROLOGIC SYSTEMS, 210
37. Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems, 210
38. Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function, 216
39. Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children, 223
UNIT TWELVE: THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, 228
40. Structure and Function of the Digestive System, 228
41. Alterations of Digestive Function, 236
42. Alterations of Digestive Function in Children, 244
UNIT THIRTEEN: THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM, 249
43. Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System, 249
44. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function, 255
45. Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children, 264
UNIT FOURTEEN: THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM, 270
46. Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument, 270
47. Alterations of the Integument in Children, 277
UNIT FIFTEEN: MULTIPLE INTERACTING SYSTEMS, 282
48. Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults, 282
49. Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children, 287
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
d. Cells can synthesize fats.
Answer: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surroundings. The
remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
Answer: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular
DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The mitochondria are
responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function as the
intracellular digestive system.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen
atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
