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Bergen Community College
BIO 109 Cardiovascular System Test 4
Questions and Answers 2026 Latest Update
Cardiovascular System Ans: Includes blood, heart, and blood vessels.
Lymphoid (lymphatic) System Ans: Consists of lymph plasma, lymphatic
vessels, and lymphatic organs.
Blood Viscosity Ans: Normal range is 4.5-5.5 centipoise.
Blood Temperature Ans: Normal body temp is 38°C (100.4°F).
Blood pH Ans: Normal range is 7.35-7.45.
Blood Salinity Ans: Normal salinity is 0.9%.
Blood body weight Ans: 8%
Blood Volume Ans: 5-6 liters (1.5 gal) in males, 4-5 (1.2 gal) liters in females.
Blood Functions Ans: (1) transports O2 and COz, nutrients, wastes,
hormones, and enzymes
(2) regulates pH, body temp, and water content of cells
3) protects by preventing hemorrhage (blood clotting) and making
antibodies giving immunity
Composition of Blood Ans: Liquid portion (blood plasma) makes up 55% and
cells (formed elements) comprise 45%.
Blood Plasma Composition Ans: Consists of 92% water and 8% solutes
Solutes Ans: (1) proteins, (2) wastes, (3) foods, (4) enzymes and hormones,
(5) respiratory gases (O2 and CO2), and (6) electrolytes
Formed Elements Ans: (1) erythrocytes
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(2) leukocytes
(3) platelets
Erythrocytes Ans: Red blood cells (RBCs)
Leukocytes Ans: White blood cells (WBCs)
Platelets Ans: Also called thrombocytes. Cell fragments that aid in blood
clotting.
2 types of leukocytes Ans: 1. Granulocytes
2. Agranulocytes
Granular Leukocytes Ans: Include neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils.
Agranular Leukocytes Ans: Include T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells,
and monocytes.
Hemopoiesis Ans: Process of blood cell production.
Location of hemopoiesis in fetus Ans: Occurs in the umbilical vesicle, liver,
spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow (myeloid tissue).
Multipotent Stem Cells Ans: Immature cells found in bone marrow. Parent
cells for all blood cells.
Multipotent stem cells types of development Ans: 1. myeloid stem cells
2. lymphoid stem cells
myeloid stem cells Ans: Develop into red blood cells, granular leukocytes,
monocytes, and platelets.
lymphoid stem cells Ans: Develop into lymphocytes
Biconcave discs Ans: 8 micrometers in diameter, no nucleus and cannot
reproduce; life span is 120 days.
Hemoglobin Ans: Consists of a protein portion (globin) and a pigment
portion (heme) that contains iron (transports 02 and COz).
© 2026 All rights reserved
Bergen Community College
BIO 109 Cardiovascular System Test 4
Questions and Answers 2026 Latest Update
Cardiovascular System Ans: Includes blood, heart, and blood vessels.
Lymphoid (lymphatic) System Ans: Consists of lymph plasma, lymphatic
vessels, and lymphatic organs.
Blood Viscosity Ans: Normal range is 4.5-5.5 centipoise.
Blood Temperature Ans: Normal body temp is 38°C (100.4°F).
Blood pH Ans: Normal range is 7.35-7.45.
Blood Salinity Ans: Normal salinity is 0.9%.
Blood body weight Ans: 8%
Blood Volume Ans: 5-6 liters (1.5 gal) in males, 4-5 (1.2 gal) liters in females.
Blood Functions Ans: (1) transports O2 and COz, nutrients, wastes,
hormones, and enzymes
(2) regulates pH, body temp, and water content of cells
3) protects by preventing hemorrhage (blood clotting) and making
antibodies giving immunity
Composition of Blood Ans: Liquid portion (blood plasma) makes up 55% and
cells (formed elements) comprise 45%.
Blood Plasma Composition Ans: Consists of 92% water and 8% solutes
Solutes Ans: (1) proteins, (2) wastes, (3) foods, (4) enzymes and hormones,
(5) respiratory gases (O2 and CO2), and (6) electrolytes
Formed Elements Ans: (1) erythrocytes
© 2026 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
(2) leukocytes
(3) platelets
Erythrocytes Ans: Red blood cells (RBCs)
Leukocytes Ans: White blood cells (WBCs)
Platelets Ans: Also called thrombocytes. Cell fragments that aid in blood
clotting.
2 types of leukocytes Ans: 1. Granulocytes
2. Agranulocytes
Granular Leukocytes Ans: Include neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils.
Agranular Leukocytes Ans: Include T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells,
and monocytes.
Hemopoiesis Ans: Process of blood cell production.
Location of hemopoiesis in fetus Ans: Occurs in the umbilical vesicle, liver,
spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow (myeloid tissue).
Multipotent Stem Cells Ans: Immature cells found in bone marrow. Parent
cells for all blood cells.
Multipotent stem cells types of development Ans: 1. myeloid stem cells
2. lymphoid stem cells
myeloid stem cells Ans: Develop into red blood cells, granular leukocytes,
monocytes, and platelets.
lymphoid stem cells Ans: Develop into lymphocytes
Biconcave discs Ans: 8 micrometers in diameter, no nucleus and cannot
reproduce; life span is 120 days.
Hemoglobin Ans: Consists of a protein portion (globin) and a pigment
portion (heme) that contains iron (transports 02 and COz).
© 2026 All rights reserved
