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Bergen Community College
BIO 109 Anatomy Final Exam Questions and
Answers 2026 Latest Update
where is the heart located? Ans: mediastinum
what surrounds the heart? Ans: pericardium
epicardium Ans: -the outermost layer of the heart
-connective tissue
myocardium Ans: middle layer of the heart
endocardium Ans: -the innermost/lining of the heart
-endothelial/epithelial tissue
the 2 upper chambers of the heart Ans: right & left atrium
what separates the 2 atria? Ans: interatrial septum
the 2 lower chambers of the heart Ans: right & left ventricles
what separates the 2 ventricles? Ans: interventricular septum
what separates the atria from the ventricles? Ans: coronary sulcus
what are the 2 atrioventricular (AV) valves? Ans: -right side: tricuspid valve
-left side: bicuspid/mitral valve
coming off the right ventricle.... Ans: is the pulmonary semilunar valve
coming off the left ventricle.... Ans: is the aortic semilunar valve
cardiac circulation Ans: circulation through the heart chambers
pulmonary circulation Ans: circulation through the lungs
© 2026 All rights reserved
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systemic circulation Ans: circulation throughout the whole body
right/left coronary arteries Ans: brings oxygenated blood to the heart tissue
coronary sinus Ans: takes deoxygenated blood from the heart tissue &
dumps it back into the right atrium
what are the 2 branches off the descending aorta? Ans: right/left bronchial
arteries
right/left bronchial arteries Ans: takes oxygenated blood to the lung tissue
right/left bronchial veins Ans: takes CO2 out of the lung tissue
the conduction system of the heart in order Ans: sinoatrial node (SA) node -
> atrioventricular (AV) node -> bundle of HIS -> right/left bundle branches ->
purkinje fibers
sinoatrial (SA) node Ans: -is the pacemaker of the heart
-located in the right atrium
how do we measure the electrical current in the heart? Ans: with an ECG or
EKG
P wave Ans: when the atria depolarizes, then contracts
QRS complex Ans: when the ventricles depolarize, then contracts
T wave Ans: ventricles repolarize
systole Ans: contraction of the heart
diastole Ans: relaxation of the heart
average heart rate Ans: 70-80 bpm
tachycardia Ans: a heart rate above 100 bpm
bradycardia Ans: a heart rate below 50 bpm
hypertension Ans: high blood pressure
hypotension Ans: low blood pressure
© 2026 All rights reserved
Bergen Community College
BIO 109 Anatomy Final Exam Questions and
Answers 2026 Latest Update
where is the heart located? Ans: mediastinum
what surrounds the heart? Ans: pericardium
epicardium Ans: -the outermost layer of the heart
-connective tissue
myocardium Ans: middle layer of the heart
endocardium Ans: -the innermost/lining of the heart
-endothelial/epithelial tissue
the 2 upper chambers of the heart Ans: right & left atrium
what separates the 2 atria? Ans: interatrial septum
the 2 lower chambers of the heart Ans: right & left ventricles
what separates the 2 ventricles? Ans: interventricular septum
what separates the atria from the ventricles? Ans: coronary sulcus
what are the 2 atrioventricular (AV) valves? Ans: -right side: tricuspid valve
-left side: bicuspid/mitral valve
coming off the right ventricle.... Ans: is the pulmonary semilunar valve
coming off the left ventricle.... Ans: is the aortic semilunar valve
cardiac circulation Ans: circulation through the heart chambers
pulmonary circulation Ans: circulation through the lungs
© 2026 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
systemic circulation Ans: circulation throughout the whole body
right/left coronary arteries Ans: brings oxygenated blood to the heart tissue
coronary sinus Ans: takes deoxygenated blood from the heart tissue &
dumps it back into the right atrium
what are the 2 branches off the descending aorta? Ans: right/left bronchial
arteries
right/left bronchial arteries Ans: takes oxygenated blood to the lung tissue
right/left bronchial veins Ans: takes CO2 out of the lung tissue
the conduction system of the heart in order Ans: sinoatrial node (SA) node -
> atrioventricular (AV) node -> bundle of HIS -> right/left bundle branches ->
purkinje fibers
sinoatrial (SA) node Ans: -is the pacemaker of the heart
-located in the right atrium
how do we measure the electrical current in the heart? Ans: with an ECG or
EKG
P wave Ans: when the atria depolarizes, then contracts
QRS complex Ans: when the ventricles depolarize, then contracts
T wave Ans: ventricles repolarize
systole Ans: contraction of the heart
diastole Ans: relaxation of the heart
average heart rate Ans: 70-80 bpm
tachycardia Ans: a heart rate above 100 bpm
bradycardia Ans: a heart rate below 50 bpm
hypertension Ans: high blood pressure
hypotension Ans: low blood pressure
© 2026 All rights reserved
