Page 1 of 54
,Page 2 of 54
,A 55-year-old postmenopausal woman is being seen in the clinic for her annual examination. She is
concerned about changes in her breasts that she has noticed over the past 5 years. She states that her
breasts have decreased in size and that the elasticity has changed so that her breasts seem "flat and
flabby." The nurse's best reply would be:
The decrease in hormones after menopause causes atrophy of the glandular tissue in the breast and is a
normal process of aging.
A 43-year-old woman is at the clinic for a routine examination. She reports that she has had a breast
lump in her right breast for years. Recently, it has begun to change in consistency and is becoming
harder. She reports that 5 years ago her physician evaluated the lump and determined that it "was
nothing to worry about." The examination validates the presence of a mass in the right upper outer
quadrant at 1 o'clock, approximately 5 cm from the nipple. It is firm, mobile, and non-tender, with
borders that are not well defined. The nurse replies:
Because of the change in consistency of the lump, it should be further evaluated by the physician.
The nurse is discussing BSEs with a postmenopausal woman. The best time for postmenopausal
women to perform BSEs is?
On the same day every month.
During a discussion about BSEs with a 30-year-old woman, what statement by the nurse is most
appropriate?
Examine your breast shortly after your menstrual period each month.
Peau d'orange-
Lymphatic obstruction causes edema, which thickens the skin and exaggerates the hair follicles; this
creates a pigskin or orange peel look. Could be an indication of cancer.
Dullness-
A high-pitched muffled thud sound obtained by percussing over relatively dense organs such as liver or
spleen, distended bladder, mass of adipose tissue
Tympany-
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, A high-pitchedmusical and drum like note obtained by percussing the surface of a large air-containing
space, such as the abdomen
Resonance-
A low-pitched, clear, hollow note obtained by percussing over normal lung tissue
Hyperresonnance-
A low-booming note obtained by percussing over the adult lungs that have increased air such as with a
patient who has emphysema, present with distended abdomen
Which structure is located in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen?
Sigmoid colon
Aneurysm-
defect or sec formed by dilation in artery wall due to atherosclerosis, trauma, or congenital defect
(aortic aneurysm)
Dysphasia-
Difficulty swallowing
Anorexia-
Loss of appetite
Ascites
abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity, associated with heart failure,
cirrhosis, cancer or portal hypertension
Bruit-
blowing, swoishing sound her through a stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded
Hepatomegaly-
abnormally enlarged liver
Paralytic ileus-
Page 4 of 54
,Page 2 of 54
,A 55-year-old postmenopausal woman is being seen in the clinic for her annual examination. She is
concerned about changes in her breasts that she has noticed over the past 5 years. She states that her
breasts have decreased in size and that the elasticity has changed so that her breasts seem "flat and
flabby." The nurse's best reply would be:
The decrease in hormones after menopause causes atrophy of the glandular tissue in the breast and is a
normal process of aging.
A 43-year-old woman is at the clinic for a routine examination. She reports that she has had a breast
lump in her right breast for years. Recently, it has begun to change in consistency and is becoming
harder. She reports that 5 years ago her physician evaluated the lump and determined that it "was
nothing to worry about." The examination validates the presence of a mass in the right upper outer
quadrant at 1 o'clock, approximately 5 cm from the nipple. It is firm, mobile, and non-tender, with
borders that are not well defined. The nurse replies:
Because of the change in consistency of the lump, it should be further evaluated by the physician.
The nurse is discussing BSEs with a postmenopausal woman. The best time for postmenopausal
women to perform BSEs is?
On the same day every month.
During a discussion about BSEs with a 30-year-old woman, what statement by the nurse is most
appropriate?
Examine your breast shortly after your menstrual period each month.
Peau d'orange-
Lymphatic obstruction causes edema, which thickens the skin and exaggerates the hair follicles; this
creates a pigskin or orange peel look. Could be an indication of cancer.
Dullness-
A high-pitched muffled thud sound obtained by percussing over relatively dense organs such as liver or
spleen, distended bladder, mass of adipose tissue
Tympany-
Page 3 of 54
, A high-pitchedmusical and drum like note obtained by percussing the surface of a large air-containing
space, such as the abdomen
Resonance-
A low-pitched, clear, hollow note obtained by percussing over normal lung tissue
Hyperresonnance-
A low-booming note obtained by percussing over the adult lungs that have increased air such as with a
patient who has emphysema, present with distended abdomen
Which structure is located in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen?
Sigmoid colon
Aneurysm-
defect or sec formed by dilation in artery wall due to atherosclerosis, trauma, or congenital defect
(aortic aneurysm)
Dysphasia-
Difficulty swallowing
Anorexia-
Loss of appetite
Ascites
abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity, associated with heart failure,
cirrhosis, cancer or portal hypertension
Bruit-
blowing, swoishing sound her through a stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded
Hepatomegaly-
abnormally enlarged liver
Paralytic ileus-
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