WGU D315 Network and Security Foundations Exam A+ Pass Verified

WGU D315 Network and Security Foundations Exam A+ Pass Verified Access Point - Answer- A device that extends the range of the network and allows wireless devices to connect to Ring Topology - Answer- Each device is connected to two aadjacent devices, one on either side Bus Topology - Answer- Network in which all devices receive all messages transmitted by a central trunk cable Mesh Topology - Answer- Network where every device is connected to every other device, ensuring redundancy Hybrid Topology - Answer- Network that combines elements of multiple topologies to meet scalability and redundancy requirements Type 1 Hypervisor - Answer- Runs directly on the physical hardware Type 2 Hypervisor - Answer- Runs on top of a host operating system, like a normal application Hypervisor - Answer- Software (or firmware) that allows multiple virtual machines (VMs) to run on one physical machine by sharing its hardware resources (CPU, RAM, storage, network) Ping command - Answer- Tests reachability and latency. Tells you if host is reachable or not, round-trip time, packet loss. traceroute - Answer- shows the path packets take to a destination. Tells you each hop between you and destination and where delays or failures occur. ipconfig - Answer- display and manage IP configuration (Windows) ifconfig - Answer- De network interfaces (Linux/macOS) netstat - Answer- Shows network connections and ports. Used for finding suspicious connections and troubleshooting services. ARP - Answer- View/manage the ARP table. Address Resolution Protocol Dig - Answer- Advanced DNS lookup tool (linux/macOS). Shows DNS records, which dns server responded, response time. nslookup - Answer- DNS query tool (windows/linux/macOS). Checking DNS resolution and verifying DNS records. route - Answer- View or modify the routing table. Shows where traffic is sent, default gateway and static routes. Telnet - Answer- Tests connectivity to a specific port. Used to test if a port is open and debugging services. PAN - Answer- Personal area network. Any bluetooth/network device connected to your PC LAN - Answer- Local area network. Small network like home if not wireless WLAN - Answer- Wireless LAN. small network that is wireless WAN - Answer- Wide Area Network. The worldwide web. MAN - Answer- Metropolitan area network VLAN - Answer- Virtual LAN - use a switch to create a virtual segment within a LAN. I.e. HR department might be on its own VLAN Cloud service/cloud computing - Answer- outsourced and hosted computing environment that delivers IT services via a network. EX: Gmail, OneDrive, etc. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) - Answer- Focuses on the facilities and infrastructure in the data center. Entire machines like private servers or VPS, AWS. Platform as a Service (PaaS) - Answer- focuses on application development on any desired platform utilizing cloud computing. Ex: Web Servers, databaase servers, MS Teams public cloud - Answer- owned and operated by the cloud service company but made available for general public use. Ex: gmail, google drive, MS OneDrive, Zoom Private Cloud - Answer- operated by the organization and made available only to members of the organization. For example, Gmail is installed on the internal server of a university. It's an instance of Gmail that's exclusively used by the uni as a private cloud infrastructure. Community Cloud - Answer- offers two or more organizations exclusive access to the infrastructure and computing resources. Hybrid Cloud - Answer- offers a combination of at least one private cloud and one public cloud. Most often used for retail companies who need to scale up quickly. A company has its own web servers but buys additional cloud servers to help with high volume traffic over the holidays Rogue Access Point - Answer- an unauthorized wireless access point connected to a network. Ex: employee plugs in a personal wifi router at work War Chalking - Answer- Marking physical symbols in public places to indicate Wi-Fi network details War Driving - Answer- searching for WiFi networks while moving using a device Spoofing - Answer- Impersonating another device, user, or system White Hat Hacker - Answer- An ethical hacker who tests systems with permission Script Kiddie - Answer- An inexperienced attacker using pre-made tools or scripts Insider Threat - Answer- A security risk from within the organization Blue Team - Answer- The defensive security team Red Team - Answer- The offensive security team White Team - Answer- The control and oversight team Purple Team - Answer- Collaborative role between red and blue teams. Goal is to improve security by sharing attack and defense insights.