ADVANTAGE FOR MEDICAL SURGICAL
NURSING EXAM PAPER 2026 TESTED
QUESTIONS AND PRACTICE SOLUTION
◉ A client has been taught to restrict dietary sodium. Which food
selection by the client indicates to the nurse that teaching has been
effective?
a. a grilled cheese sandwich with tomato soup
b. Chinese take-out, including steamed rice
c. a chicken leg, one slice of bread with butter, and steamed carrots
d. slices of ham and cheese on whole grain crackers. Answer: C
Clients on restricted sodium diets generally should avoid processed,
smoked, and pickled foods and those with sauces and other
condiments. Foods lowest in sodium include fish, poultry, and fresh
produce. The chinese food likely would have soy sauce, the tomato
soup is processed, and the crackers are a snack food - a category of
foods often high in sodium.
◉ When a client is assessed, which behavior best indicates that he or
she is experiencing changes associated with acute pain?
,a. inability to concentrate
b. expressed hopelessness
c. psychosocial withdrawal
d. anger and hostility. Answer: A
The characteristics most common to chronic pain are psychosocial
withdrawal, anger and hostility, depression, and hopelessness. The
inability to concentrate is associated much more with acute pain,
before any physiologic or behavioral adaptation has occurred.
◉ A nurse is caring for several clients at risk for overhydration. The
nurse assesses the older client with which finding first?
A) Has had diabetes mellitus for 12 years
B) Had abdominal surgery and has a nasogastric tube
C) Just received 3 units of packed red blood cells
D) Uses sodium-containing antacids frequently. Answer: C
Blood replacement therapy involves intravenous fluid
administration, which inherently increases the risk for
overhydration. The fact that the fluid consists of packed red blood
cells greatly increases the risk, because this fluid increases the
colloidal oncotic pressure of the blood, causing fluid to move from
interstitial and intracellular spaces into the plasma volume. An older
,adult may not have sufficient cardiac or renal reserve to manage this
extra fluid.
◉ The client with a stroke was admitted to a medical-surgical unit.
Which tasks does the nurse delegate to the unlicensed assistive
personnel?
A) Assess level of consciousness.
B) Evaluate the pulse oximetry reading.
C) Assist the client with meals.
D) Complete the nursing care plan.. Answer: C
The nurse needs to know the five rights of delegation: right task,
right circumstances, right person, right communication, and right
supervision. Unlicensed assistive personnel can help with feeding,
but only the nurse can care plan, assess the level of consciousness,
and evaluate the oxygenation of the client.
◉ Interrelated concepts to the professional nursing role a nurse
manager would consider when addressing concerns about the
quality of patient education include:
A) adherence.
B) developmental level.
, C) motivation.
D) technology.. Answer: D
The interrelated concepts to the professional role of a nurse include
health promotion, leadership, technology/informatics, quality,
collaboration, and communication. Adherence, culture,
developmental level, family dynamics, and motivation are
considered interrelated concepts to patient attributes and
preference.
◉ During orientation to an emergency department, the nurse
educator would be concerned if the new nurse listed which of the
following as a risk factor for impaired thermoregulation?
A) Temperature extremes
B) Occupational exposure
C) Impaired cognition
D) Physical agility. Answer: D
Physical agility is not a risk factor for impaired thermoregulation.
The nurse educator would use this information to plan additional
teaching to include medical conditions and gait disturbance as risk
factors for hypothermia, because their bodies have a reduced ability
to generate heat. Impaired cognition is a risk factor. Recreational or
occupational exposure is a risk factor. Temperature extremes are
risk factors for impaired thermoregulation.
NURSING EXAM PAPER 2026 TESTED
QUESTIONS AND PRACTICE SOLUTION
◉ A client has been taught to restrict dietary sodium. Which food
selection by the client indicates to the nurse that teaching has been
effective?
a. a grilled cheese sandwich with tomato soup
b. Chinese take-out, including steamed rice
c. a chicken leg, one slice of bread with butter, and steamed carrots
d. slices of ham and cheese on whole grain crackers. Answer: C
Clients on restricted sodium diets generally should avoid processed,
smoked, and pickled foods and those with sauces and other
condiments. Foods lowest in sodium include fish, poultry, and fresh
produce. The chinese food likely would have soy sauce, the tomato
soup is processed, and the crackers are a snack food - a category of
foods often high in sodium.
◉ When a client is assessed, which behavior best indicates that he or
she is experiencing changes associated with acute pain?
,a. inability to concentrate
b. expressed hopelessness
c. psychosocial withdrawal
d. anger and hostility. Answer: A
The characteristics most common to chronic pain are psychosocial
withdrawal, anger and hostility, depression, and hopelessness. The
inability to concentrate is associated much more with acute pain,
before any physiologic or behavioral adaptation has occurred.
◉ A nurse is caring for several clients at risk for overhydration. The
nurse assesses the older client with which finding first?
A) Has had diabetes mellitus for 12 years
B) Had abdominal surgery and has a nasogastric tube
C) Just received 3 units of packed red blood cells
D) Uses sodium-containing antacids frequently. Answer: C
Blood replacement therapy involves intravenous fluid
administration, which inherently increases the risk for
overhydration. The fact that the fluid consists of packed red blood
cells greatly increases the risk, because this fluid increases the
colloidal oncotic pressure of the blood, causing fluid to move from
interstitial and intracellular spaces into the plasma volume. An older
,adult may not have sufficient cardiac or renal reserve to manage this
extra fluid.
◉ The client with a stroke was admitted to a medical-surgical unit.
Which tasks does the nurse delegate to the unlicensed assistive
personnel?
A) Assess level of consciousness.
B) Evaluate the pulse oximetry reading.
C) Assist the client with meals.
D) Complete the nursing care plan.. Answer: C
The nurse needs to know the five rights of delegation: right task,
right circumstances, right person, right communication, and right
supervision. Unlicensed assistive personnel can help with feeding,
but only the nurse can care plan, assess the level of consciousness,
and evaluate the oxygenation of the client.
◉ Interrelated concepts to the professional nursing role a nurse
manager would consider when addressing concerns about the
quality of patient education include:
A) adherence.
B) developmental level.
, C) motivation.
D) technology.. Answer: D
The interrelated concepts to the professional role of a nurse include
health promotion, leadership, technology/informatics, quality,
collaboration, and communication. Adherence, culture,
developmental level, family dynamics, and motivation are
considered interrelated concepts to patient attributes and
preference.
◉ During orientation to an emergency department, the nurse
educator would be concerned if the new nurse listed which of the
following as a risk factor for impaired thermoregulation?
A) Temperature extremes
B) Occupational exposure
C) Impaired cognition
D) Physical agility. Answer: D
Physical agility is not a risk factor for impaired thermoregulation.
The nurse educator would use this information to plan additional
teaching to include medical conditions and gait disturbance as risk
factors for hypothermia, because their bodies have a reduced ability
to generate heat. Impaired cognition is a risk factor. Recreational or
occupational exposure is a risk factor. Temperature extremes are
risk factors for impaired thermoregulation.
