ABFM KSA DIABETES ACTUAL
EXAMINATION TEST 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS ANSWERS WRITTEN SOLUTION
GRADED A+
⩥ What are the interrelated concepts associated with Diabetes Mellitus?
Answer: Nutrition, Tissue Integrity, Sensory Perception, Perfusion,
Immunity, Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid-Base Balance
⩥ What is Diabetes Mellitus? Answer: A common, chronic complex
disorder of impaired nutrient metabolism, especially glucose.
⩥ What are the two main types of Diabetes Mellitus? Answer: Type 1
Diabetes Mellitus (TIDM) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
⩥ What does glucose regulation and homeostasis refer to? Answer: The
process of maintaining optimal blood glucose levels.
⩥ What role does insulin play in glucose transport? Answer: Insulin
promotes glucose transport into cells through the cell membranes.
⩥ Where is proinsulin secreted and transformed into active insulin?
Answer: Proinsulin is secreted by and stored in the beta cells of the islets
of Langerhans in the pancreas and transformed by the liver.
,⩥ What are some complications associated with Diabetes Mellitus?
Answer: Acute and chronic complications due to the absence of insulin.
⩥ What is the estimated number of people living with diabetes mellitus
(DM) in the U.S.? Answer: More than 37.3 million people
⩥ How many adults in Canada are estimated to have diabetes? Answer:
5.7 million adults
⩥ What is a major focus for health promotion activities in diabetes
management? Answer: Control of diabetes and its complications
⩥ What are the desired outcomes for diabetes management? Answer:
Maintain blood glucose levels in the target range, minimize
hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, maximize quality of life
⩥ What characterizes Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)? Answer: Beta
cell destruction leading to absolute insulin deficiency, often autoimmune
⩥ What is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) characterized by? Answer:
Insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency or secretory deficit
with insulin resistance
, ⩥ What is Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adulthood (LADA)?
Answer: A slow, progressive form of autoimmune diabetes, sometimes
referred to as 'type 1.5', diagnosed after age 30
⩥ What is Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY)? Answer: An
inherited mutation causing loss of insulin function and hyperglycemia,
resembling T1DM
⩥ What is Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)? Answer: Glucose
intolerance with onset during pregnancy; all pregnant women should be
screened
⩥ What are the exocrine functions of the pancreas? Answer: Regulates
digestion
⩥ What are the endocrine functions of the pancreas? Answer: Ensures
glucose regulation
⩥ What do alpha cells in the pancreas secrete? Answer: Glucagon
⩥ What do beta cells in the pancreas produce? Answer: Insulin and
amylin
⩥ What is the role of glucagon? Answer: Prevents hypoglycemia by
triggering glucose release from storage sites in the liver
EXAMINATION TEST 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS ANSWERS WRITTEN SOLUTION
GRADED A+
⩥ What are the interrelated concepts associated with Diabetes Mellitus?
Answer: Nutrition, Tissue Integrity, Sensory Perception, Perfusion,
Immunity, Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid-Base Balance
⩥ What is Diabetes Mellitus? Answer: A common, chronic complex
disorder of impaired nutrient metabolism, especially glucose.
⩥ What are the two main types of Diabetes Mellitus? Answer: Type 1
Diabetes Mellitus (TIDM) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
⩥ What does glucose regulation and homeostasis refer to? Answer: The
process of maintaining optimal blood glucose levels.
⩥ What role does insulin play in glucose transport? Answer: Insulin
promotes glucose transport into cells through the cell membranes.
⩥ Where is proinsulin secreted and transformed into active insulin?
Answer: Proinsulin is secreted by and stored in the beta cells of the islets
of Langerhans in the pancreas and transformed by the liver.
,⩥ What are some complications associated with Diabetes Mellitus?
Answer: Acute and chronic complications due to the absence of insulin.
⩥ What is the estimated number of people living with diabetes mellitus
(DM) in the U.S.? Answer: More than 37.3 million people
⩥ How many adults in Canada are estimated to have diabetes? Answer:
5.7 million adults
⩥ What is a major focus for health promotion activities in diabetes
management? Answer: Control of diabetes and its complications
⩥ What are the desired outcomes for diabetes management? Answer:
Maintain blood glucose levels in the target range, minimize
hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, maximize quality of life
⩥ What characterizes Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)? Answer: Beta
cell destruction leading to absolute insulin deficiency, often autoimmune
⩥ What is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) characterized by? Answer:
Insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency or secretory deficit
with insulin resistance
, ⩥ What is Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adulthood (LADA)?
Answer: A slow, progressive form of autoimmune diabetes, sometimes
referred to as 'type 1.5', diagnosed after age 30
⩥ What is Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY)? Answer: An
inherited mutation causing loss of insulin function and hyperglycemia,
resembling T1DM
⩥ What is Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)? Answer: Glucose
intolerance with onset during pregnancy; all pregnant women should be
screened
⩥ What are the exocrine functions of the pancreas? Answer: Regulates
digestion
⩥ What are the endocrine functions of the pancreas? Answer: Ensures
glucose regulation
⩥ What do alpha cells in the pancreas secrete? Answer: Glucagon
⩥ What do beta cells in the pancreas produce? Answer: Insulin and
amylin
⩥ What is the role of glucagon? Answer: Prevents hypoglycemia by
triggering glucose release from storage sites in the liver
