Biology CLEP Modern States Latest
Exam and All Correct Answers 2025-
2026 Set.
compound - Answer 2+ different elements combined in a fixed ratio
molecule - Answer 2+ same or different elements combined in fixed ratio
valence shell - Answer outermost electron shell
valence electrons - Answer electrons in the outermost shell
electrons are most reactive when - Answer the valence shell is incomplete
Chemical bonds - Answer the attractive forces that hold atoms together
covalent bond - Answer a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
nonpolar covalent bond - Answer A type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared
equally
polar covalent bond - Answer unequal sharing of electrons, creates partial charges (poles)
ionic bond - Answer strong electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or
groups of atoms (cation to anion)
Cation - Answer A positively charged ion
Anion - Answer A negatively charged ion
hydrogen bond - Answer weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom
1st law of thermodynamics - Answer Energy cannot be created or destroyed
,2nd law of thermodynamics - Answer Energy cannot be changed from one form to another
without a loss of usable energy
endothermic reaction - Answer A reaction in which energy is absorbed
exothermic reaction - Answer A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat
Properties of water - Answer cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent, solid is less dense than
liquid, specific heat, surface tension
Adhesion - Answer attraction between molecules of different substances
Cohesion - Answer Attraction between molecules of the same substance
why can life be sustained in water when the temp is below freezing? - Answer solid is less
dense than liquid, ice rises
properties of acids - Answer dissolve in water, increase H+ ion concentration in solution.
Smaller # on pH scale
properties of bases - Answer dissolve in water, decrease relative H+ ion concentration in
solution. higher # on pH scale
Buffer - Answer compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH. generally brings it to
neutral (7)
organic molecules - Answer carbon-based molecules. singular=monomers
plural=polymers
Carbohydrates - Answer C+O+H
monomer= monosaccharide (glucose)
polymer= polysaccharide (starch)
Lipids - Answer fats and oils
hydrophobic
Proteins - Answer Chains of amino acids
, monomer= amino acid
polymer= polypeptide (proteins)
peptide bond - Answer Bonds that connect amino acids.
protein functions - Answer enzyme catalysis, defense, transport, support, motion, regulation,
storage
neucleic acid - Answer DNA and RNA
monomer= nucleotide
Neucleic acid function - Answer information storage
Nucleotide - Answer monomer of nucleic acids made up of a phosphate group, a nitrogen
base, and a sugar (deoxyrobose or ribose)
Adenine - Answer Thymine/Uracil
Cytosine - Answer Guanine
what bonds O and H in a water molecule? - Answer nonpolar covalent bond
Microtubules - Answer Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a hollow tubelike
structure.
form mitotic spindle and keep shape
intermediate filaments - Answer Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are
roughly twice as thick as microfilaments
keep organelles in place
microfilaments - Answer Fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton. form
cellular cortex
lysosome - Answer An organelle containing digestive enzymes
peraxisome - Answer metabolizes waste
Exam and All Correct Answers 2025-
2026 Set.
compound - Answer 2+ different elements combined in a fixed ratio
molecule - Answer 2+ same or different elements combined in fixed ratio
valence shell - Answer outermost electron shell
valence electrons - Answer electrons in the outermost shell
electrons are most reactive when - Answer the valence shell is incomplete
Chemical bonds - Answer the attractive forces that hold atoms together
covalent bond - Answer a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
nonpolar covalent bond - Answer A type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared
equally
polar covalent bond - Answer unequal sharing of electrons, creates partial charges (poles)
ionic bond - Answer strong electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or
groups of atoms (cation to anion)
Cation - Answer A positively charged ion
Anion - Answer A negatively charged ion
hydrogen bond - Answer weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom
1st law of thermodynamics - Answer Energy cannot be created or destroyed
,2nd law of thermodynamics - Answer Energy cannot be changed from one form to another
without a loss of usable energy
endothermic reaction - Answer A reaction in which energy is absorbed
exothermic reaction - Answer A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat
Properties of water - Answer cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent, solid is less dense than
liquid, specific heat, surface tension
Adhesion - Answer attraction between molecules of different substances
Cohesion - Answer Attraction between molecules of the same substance
why can life be sustained in water when the temp is below freezing? - Answer solid is less
dense than liquid, ice rises
properties of acids - Answer dissolve in water, increase H+ ion concentration in solution.
Smaller # on pH scale
properties of bases - Answer dissolve in water, decrease relative H+ ion concentration in
solution. higher # on pH scale
Buffer - Answer compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH. generally brings it to
neutral (7)
organic molecules - Answer carbon-based molecules. singular=monomers
plural=polymers
Carbohydrates - Answer C+O+H
monomer= monosaccharide (glucose)
polymer= polysaccharide (starch)
Lipids - Answer fats and oils
hydrophobic
Proteins - Answer Chains of amino acids
, monomer= amino acid
polymer= polypeptide (proteins)
peptide bond - Answer Bonds that connect amino acids.
protein functions - Answer enzyme catalysis, defense, transport, support, motion, regulation,
storage
neucleic acid - Answer DNA and RNA
monomer= nucleotide
Neucleic acid function - Answer information storage
Nucleotide - Answer monomer of nucleic acids made up of a phosphate group, a nitrogen
base, and a sugar (deoxyrobose or ribose)
Adenine - Answer Thymine/Uracil
Cytosine - Answer Guanine
what bonds O and H in a water molecule? - Answer nonpolar covalent bond
Microtubules - Answer Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a hollow tubelike
structure.
form mitotic spindle and keep shape
intermediate filaments - Answer Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are
roughly twice as thick as microfilaments
keep organelles in place
microfilaments - Answer Fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton. form
cellular cortex
lysosome - Answer An organelle containing digestive enzymes
peraxisome - Answer metabolizes waste
