,Contents
Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior
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Chapter 2: Where to Start
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Chapter 3: Ethics in Behavioral Research
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Chapter 4: Fundamental Research Issues
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Chapter 5: Measurement Concepts
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Chapter 6: Observational Methods
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Chapter 7: Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research
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Chapter 8: Experimental Design
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Chapter 9: Conducting Experiments
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Chapter 10: Complex Experimental Designs
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Chapter 11: Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research
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Chapter 12: Understanding Research Results: Description and Correlation
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Chapter 13: Understanding Research Results: Statistical Inference
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Chapter 14: Generalization
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,Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior br br br br br
1. Knowledge of research methods is important for all of the following EXCEPT:br br br br br br br br br br br
A. evaluating research reported in the media br br br br br
B. making decisions in various professions br br br br
C. guaranteeing correct conclusions about behavior br br br br
D. conducting scientific research br br br
Answer: C br
2. A major problem with relying on intuition to understand behavior is that:
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A. intuition is always completely wrong br br br br
B. cognitive and motivational biases can lead to erroneous conclusions
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C. it is illegal to use intuition in research
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D. intuition cannot generate any useful ideas br br br br br br
Answer: B br
3. An illusory correlation occurs when:
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A. two unrelated events are perceived as causally connected
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B. we correctly identify a causal relationship
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C. we use scientific methods to test hypotheses
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D. authority figures provide expert opinions br br br br br
Answer: A br
4. The belief that adoption increases the likelihood of pregnancy in couples having d
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ifficulty conceiving is an example of:
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A. scientific evidence br
B. illusory correlation br
C. valid causal reasoning br br
D. peer-
reviewed research Answer br br
:B br
5. When people accept information from a professor, celebrity, or religious figure w
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ithout question, they are relying on:
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A. empiricism
B. scientific skepticism br
C. authority
D. falsifiability b
Answer: C
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6. The fundamental characteristic that distinguishes the scientific approach from o
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ther ways of knowing is:
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A. authority
B. intuition
, C. empiricism
D. anecdote
Answer: C
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7. Empiricism is best defined as: br br br br
A. accepting authority figures' statements br br br
B. knowledge based on observations and data br br br br br
C. relying on personal intuitionbr br br
D. making untestable claims br br br
Answer: B br
8. According to Goodstein's evolved theory of science, which of the following is T
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RUE?
A. Data play a central role in scientific inquiry
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B. Scientists work in isolation from other scientistsbr br br br br br
C. Scientific ideas should not be tested against competing ideas
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D. Peer review is unnecessary for well-
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designed studies Answer: A br br br
9. The concept of falsifiability means that:
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A. all scientific ideas are false
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B. scientific ideas can be tested and potentially proven wrong
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C. scientists intentionally falsify data br br br
D. only false ideas should be tested
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Answer: B br
10. Peer review in science serves to:
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A. allow scientists to publish without scrutiny
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B. ensure that only research without flaws is published
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C. eliminate the need for replication br br br br
D. prevent any criticism of published work
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Answer: B br
11. Scientific skepticism means that: br br br
A. scientists reject all new ideas br br br br
B. ideas must be evaluated based on careful logic and well-executed research
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C. scientists are generally negative people br br br br
D. intuition should never generate research ideas
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Answer: B br
12. Which statement about the scientific approach is correct?
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A. Scientists never use intuition to generate ideas br br br br br br
B. Authority figures' statements should always be accepted as fact
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C. Ideas must be testable and supported by evidence
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Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior
br br br br br br
Chapter 2: Where to Start
br br br br
Chapter 3: Ethics in Behavioral Research
br br br br br br
Chapter 4: Fundamental Research Issues
br br br br br
Chapter 5: Measurement Concepts
br br br br
Chapter 6: Observational Methods
br br br
Chapter 7: Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research
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Chapter 8: Experimental Design
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Chapter 9: Conducting Experiments
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Chapter 10: Complex Experimental Designs
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Chapter 11: Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research
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Chapter 12: Understanding Research Results: Description and Correlation
br br br br br br br br
Chapter 13: Understanding Research Results: Statistical Inference
br br br br br br
Chapter 14: Generalization
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,Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior br br br br br
1. Knowledge of research methods is important for all of the following EXCEPT:br br br br br br br br br br br
A. evaluating research reported in the media br br br br br
B. making decisions in various professions br br br br
C. guaranteeing correct conclusions about behavior br br br br
D. conducting scientific research br br br
Answer: C br
2. A major problem with relying on intuition to understand behavior is that:
br br br br br br br br br br br
A. intuition is always completely wrong br br br br
B. cognitive and motivational biases can lead to erroneous conclusions
br br br br br br br br
C. it is illegal to use intuition in research
br br br br br br br
D. intuition cannot generate any useful ideas br br br br br br
Answer: B br
3. An illusory correlation occurs when:
br br br br
A. two unrelated events are perceived as causally connected
br br br br br br br
B. we correctly identify a causal relationship
br br br br br
C. we use scientific methods to test hypotheses
br br br br br br
D. authority figures provide expert opinions br br br br br
Answer: A br
4. The belief that adoption increases the likelihood of pregnancy in couples having d
br br br br br br br br br br br br
ifficulty conceiving is an example of:
br br br br br
A. scientific evidence br
B. illusory correlation br
C. valid causal reasoning br br
D. peer-
reviewed research Answer br br
:B br
5. When people accept information from a professor, celebrity, or religious figure w
br br br br br br br br br br br
ithout question, they are relying on:
br br br br br
A. empiricism
B. scientific skepticism br
C. authority
D. falsifiability b
Answer: C
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6. The fundamental characteristic that distinguishes the scientific approach from o
br br br br br br br br br
ther ways of knowing is:
br br br br
A. authority
B. intuition
, C. empiricism
D. anecdote
Answer: C
br br
7. Empiricism is best defined as: br br br br
A. accepting authority figures' statements br br br
B. knowledge based on observations and data br br br br br
C. relying on personal intuitionbr br br
D. making untestable claims br br br
Answer: B br
8. According to Goodstein's evolved theory of science, which of the following is T
br br br br br br br br br br br br
RUE?
A. Data play a central role in scientific inquiry
br br br br br br br
B. Scientists work in isolation from other scientistsbr br br br br br
C. Scientific ideas should not be tested against competing ideas
br br br br br br br br
D. Peer review is unnecessary for well-
br br br br br
designed studies Answer: A br br br
9. The concept of falsifiability means that:
br br br br br
A. all scientific ideas are false
br br br br
B. scientific ideas can be tested and potentially proven wrong
br br br br br br br br
C. scientists intentionally falsify data br br br
D. only false ideas should be tested
br br br br br br
Answer: B br
10. Peer review in science serves to:
br br br br br
A. allow scientists to publish without scrutiny
br br br br br
B. ensure that only research without flaws is published
br br br br br br br
C. eliminate the need for replication br br br br
D. prevent any criticism of published work
br br br br br br
Answer: B br
11. Scientific skepticism means that: br br br
A. scientists reject all new ideas br br br br
B. ideas must be evaluated based on careful logic and well-executed research
br br br br br br br br br br
C. scientists are generally negative people br br br br
D. intuition should never generate research ideas
br br br br br br
Answer: B br
12. Which statement about the scientific approach is correct?
br br br br br br br
A. Scientists never use intuition to generate ideas br br br br br br
B. Authority figures' statements should always be accepted as fact
br br br br br br br br
C. Ideas must be testable and supported by evidence
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