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,/testbank-for-fundamentals-of-nursing-4-edition-sue
CHAPTER 1: EVOLUTION OF NURSING AND NURSING EDUCATION
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nurse realizes that the primary focus!!of!!nursing!!is!!on!!the:
a. illness. c. treatment !!of!!the!!illness.
b. cause!!of!!the!!illness. d.! ! ! ! client’s!!response!!to!!the!!illness.
ANS:! ! D
Nursing!!requires!!a!!delicate!!balance!!of!!promoting!!clients’!!independence!!and!!dependence.!!Nursing!!f
ocuses!!not!!on!!illness!!but!!rather!!on!!the!!client’s!!response!!to!!illness.!!The!!practice!!of!!physicians!!or!!
medicine!!focuses!!on!!the!!cause!!of!!the!!illness!!and!!the!!treatment !!of!!the!!illness.
PTS:! ! ! ! 1 DIF: Analysis REF:! ! ! ! Introduction
2. While!!studying!!the!!history!!of!!nursing,!!the!!nurse!!realizes!!that!!the!!first!!hospital!!in!!the!!West!!
was!!established!!by:
a. Fabiola. c. Florence!!Nightingale.
b. Hygiea. d.! ! ! ! Dorothea!!Dix.
ANS:! ! A
Fabiola!!founded!!the!!first!!hospital!!in!!390!!AD.!!Hygiea!!was!!the!!goddess!!of!!health!!according!!to!!t
he!!ancient!!Greeks.!!Florence!!Nightingale!!is!!considered!!the!!founder!!of!!modern!!nursing,!!and!!she!!l
ived!!from!!1820!!to!!1910.!!Dorothea!!Dix!!practiced!!nursing!!during!!the!!Civil!!War.
PTS:! ! ! ! 1 DIF: Analysis REF:! ! ! ! Table!!1-1|!!Evolution!!of!!Nursing
3. The!!nurse!!realizes!!that!!religion!!affected!!the!!development!!of!!nursing!!which!!began:
a. in!!India!!around!!800-600!!BC. c. during!!the!!Middle!!Ages.
b. during!!the!!Roman!!Empire. d.! ! ! ! at!!the!!time!!of!!the!!Renaissance.
ANS:! ! A
The!!strong!!influence!!of!!religions!!on!!the!!development!!of!!nursing!!started!!in!!India!!between!!800!!t
o!!600!!BC.!!The!!crusades!!of!!the!!Middle!!Ages!!and!!the!!Renaissance!!occurred!!after!!600!!BC.!!There!
!is!!no!!documentation!!of!!religious!!influences !!on!!the!!development !!of!!nursing!!during!!the!!Roman!!
Empire.
PTS:! ! ! ! 1 DIF: Analysis REF:! ! ! ! Religious!!Influences
4. Reflecting!!on!!the!!impact!!of!!wars!!on!!the!!evolution!!of!!nursing,!!the!!nurse!!realizes!!that:
a. the!!need!!for!!nurses!!increased!!during!!and!!after!!major!!wars.
b. poor!!conditions!!during!!wars!!caused!!a!!decline!!in!!nursing!!care.
c. wars!!have!!been!!the!!stimulus!!for!!most!!nursing!!advances.
d. wars!!have!!had!!little!!effect!!on!!the!!evolution!!of!!nursing.
ANS:! ! A
During!!wartime,!!the!!need!!for!!nurses!!increases!!dramatically,!!both!!at!!home!!and!!in!!the!!field.!!Poor!!
conditions!!during!!wars!!did!!not!!cause!!a!!decline!!in!!nursing!!care.!!Wars!!may!!or!!may!!not!!have!!been!!t
he!!stimulus!!for!!nursing!!advances;!!however,!!wars!!have!!effected!!the!!evolution!!of!!nursing!!care.
PTS:! ! ! ! 1 DIF: Analysis REF:! ! ! ! Demands!!of!!War
5. The!!nurse!!realizes!!that!!which!!of!!the!!following!!is!!a!!belief!!that!!Florence!!Nightingale!!had!!ab
out!!nursing!!education?
a. Basing!!education!!on!!a!!holistic!!framework!!inclusive!!of!!illness!!and!!health
,/testbank-for-fundamentals-of-nursing-4-edition-sue
b. Needing!!a!!practical!!basis!!for!!nursing!!practice
c. Creating!!an!!environment!!that!!serves!!physicians!!is!!most!!important
d. Basing!!the!!nursing!!curriculum!!on!!medical!!knowledge
ANS:! ! A
Florence!!Nightingale!!had!!specific!!beliefs!!about!!nursing!!education. !!The!!first!!is!!that!!it!!is!!based!!u
pon!!a!!holistic!!framework!!inclusive!!of!!illness!!and!!health.!!Nightingale!!also!!believed!!that!!there!!is
!!a!!need!!for!!a!!theoretical!!basis!!for!!nursing!!practice!!and!!not!!a!!practical!!basis.!!She!!also!!believed!!
in!!the!!importance!!of!!creating!!an!!environment!!that!!promotes!!healing!!and!!not!!an!!environment!!th
at!!served!!physicians.!!One!!additional!!belief!!was!!that!!the!!nursing!!curriculum!!should!!be!!based!!up
on!!nursing!!knowledge!!and!!not!!medical!!knowledge.
PTS:! ! ! ! 1 DIF: Analysis REF:! ! Florence!!Nightingale!!(1820!!-!!1910)
6. The!!nurse!!realizes!!that!!the!!Nightingale!!Training!!School!!of!!Nurses!!at!!St.!!Thomas’s!!Hospita
l!!in!!London!!was:
a. the!!first!!school!!of!!nursing!!in!!the!!West.
b. the!!first!!nursing!!school!!to!!provide!!both!!theory-based!!knowledge!!and!!clinical!!skill!!building.
c. the!!first!!school!!of!!nursing!!to!!accept!!women.
d. established!!to!!provide!!nurses!!to!!fight!!in!!the!!Crimean!!War.
ANS:! ! B
The!!Nightingale!!Training!!School!!of!!Nurses!!at!!St.!!Thomas’s!!Hospital!!in!!London!!was!!the!!first!!s
chool!!for!!nurses!!that!!provided!!both!!theory-
based!!knowledge!!and!!clinical!!skills.!!This!!was!!not!!the!!first!!school!!of!!nursing!!in!!the!!West!!nor!!th
e!!first!!school!!of!!nursing!!to!!accept!!women.!!This!!school!!was!!not!!established!!to!!provide!!nurses!!to!
!fight!!in!!the!!Crimean!!War.
PTS:! ! ! ! 1 DIF: Analysis REF:! ! Florence!!Nightingale!!(1820!!-!!1910)
7. The!!nurse,!!considering!!home!!care!!nursing,!!realizes!!that!!Lillian!!Wald!!is!!noted!!as!!being:
a. the!!first!!nurse!!to!!graduate!!from!!a!!school!!of!!nursing!!in!!the!!United!!States.
b. Superintendent !!of!!Nurses!!during!!the!!Civil!!War.
c. the!!first!!community!!health!!nurse.
d. the!!founder!!of!!the!!American!!Nurses!!Association.
ANS:! ! C
Lillian!!Wald!!spent!!her!!life!!providing!!nursing!!care!!to!!the!!indigent!!and,!!in!!1893,!!as!!the!!first!!co
mmunity!!health!!nurse,!!she!!founded!!public!!health!!nursing!!with!!the!!establishment!!of!!the!!Henry!!
Street!!Settlement!!Service.!!Wald!!was!!not!!the!!first!!nurse!!to!!graduate!!from!!a!!school!!of!!nursing!!in!!
the!!United!!States!!nor!!was!!she!!the!!Superintendent!!of!!Nurses!!during!!the!!Civil!!War.!!She!!was!!not
!!the!!founder!! of!!the!!American!!Nurses!!Association.
PTS:! ! ! ! 1 DIF: Analysis REF:! ! Nursing!!Pioneers!!and!!Leaders:!!Lillian!!Wald
8. The!!nurse,!!giving!!direction!!to!!a!!nursing!!assistant!!for!!client!!care,!!realizes!!that!!which!!of!!the!!fol
lowing!!nurse!!leaders!!opposed!!the!!movement!!to!!put!!untrained!!nursing!!aides!!under!!the!!control!!o
f!!physicians!!during!!World!!War!!I?
a. Clara!!Barton c. Annie!!Goodrich
b. Isabel!!Hampton!!Robb d.! ! ! ! Jane!!Delano
ANS:! ! D
During!!World!!War!!I,!!Delano!!was!!opposed!!to!!the!!aide!!education!!plan!!created!!by!!physicians!!wh
o!!wanted!!the!!Red!!Cross!!to!!put!!untrained!!nursing!!aides!!at!!their!!sides!!to!!assist!!with!!war!!casualti
es.!!Annie!!Goodrich!!was!!in!!favor!!of!!the!!physicians’!!aide!!education!!plan.!!Robb!!was!!a!!supporter!!
of!!the!!rights!!of!!nursing!!students.!!Clara!!Barton!!was!!a!!nurse!!during!!the!!Civil!!War.
, /testbank-for-fundamentals-of-nursing-4-edition-sue
PTS:! ! ! ! 1 DIF: Analysis REF:! ! ! ! Nursing!!Pioneers!!and!!Leaders
9. The!!nurse,!!assisting!!nursing!!students!!with!!providing!!client!!care,!!realizes!!that!!Isabel!!Hampton!!R
obb!!is!!noted!!for!!which!!of!!the!!following?
a. Opposing!!the!!organization!!of!!nurses
b. Establishing!!the!!American!!Red!!Cross
c. Believing!!that!!the!!nursing!!student!!was!!a!!learner,!!not!!an!!employee
d. Establishing!!the!!Frontier!!Nursing!!Service
ANS:! ! C
Isabel!!Hampton!!Robb!!was!!an!!early!!supporter!!of!!the!!rights!!of!!nursing!!students!!and!!emphasized!!
the!!role!!of!!the!!nursing!!student !!as!!a!!learner!!instead!!of!!an!!employee.!!Robb!!did!!not!!oppose!!the!!o
rganization!!of!!nurses!!since!!she!!founded!!several!!nursing!!organizations.!!Robb!!did!!not!!establish!!th
e!!American!!Red!!Cross!!nor!!did!!she!!establish!!the!!Frontier!!Nursing!!Service.
PTS:! ! ! ! 1 DIF: Analysis REF:! ! ! ! Nursing!!Pioneers!!and!!Leaders
10. While!!researching!!a!!client!!health!!care!!issue,!!the!!nurse!!realizes!!that!!the!!nurse!!who!!wrote!!one!!of
!!the!!first!!nursing!!textbooks !!was:
a. Lavinia!!Dock.
b. Mary!!Breckinridge.
c. Martha!!Franklin.
d. Amelia!!Greenwald.
ANS:! ! A
Lavinia!!Dock!!was!!an!!influential!!leader!!in!!American!!nursing!!education;!!she!!wrote!!one!!of!!the!!first
!!nursing!!textbooks!!as!!well!!as!!being!!the!!first!!editor !!of!!the!!American !!Journal !!of !!Nursing.!!Mary!!Br
eckinridge!!created!!the!!Frontier!!Nursing!!Service.!!Martha!!Franklin!!advocated!!for!!racial!!equality!!in!!
nursing.!!Amelia!!Greenwald!!was!!a!!catalyst!!for!!international!!public!!health!!nursing.
PTS:! ! ! ! 1 DIF: Analysis REF:! ! ! ! Nursing!!Pioneers!!and!!Leaders
11. While!!documenting!!in!!a!!client’s!!record,!!the!!nurse!!remembers!!that!!the!!nurse!!leader!!who!!introdu
ced!!the!!practice!!of!!keeping!!nurses’!!notes!!was:
a. Mamie!!Hale. c. Harriet!!Neuton!!Phillips.
b. Mary!!Mahoney. d.! ! ! ! Linda!!Richards.
ANS:! ! D
Linda!!Richards!!introduced!!the!!practice!!of!!keeping!!nurses’!!notes!!and!!physicians’!!orders!!as!!part!!
of!!medical!!records.!!Mamie!!Hale!!upgraded!!the!!educational!!programs!!for!!midwives.!!Mary!!Maho
ney!!was!!America’s!!first!!African!!American!!professional!!nurse.!!Harriet!!Neuton!!Phillips!!was!!the!!
first!!American!!nurse!!to!!receive!!a!!training!!certificate.
PTS:! ! ! ! 1 DIF: Analysis REF:! ! ! ! Nursing!!Pioneers!!and!!Leaders
12. While!!reviewing!!a!!client’s!!health!!insurance!!plan,!!the!!nurse!!remembers!!that!!the!!first!!prep
aid!!medical!!plan!!was!!started!!in:
a. Pacific!!Northwest!!lumber!!and!!mining!!camps.
b. Chicago.
c. New!!York!!City.
d. Washington!!DC.
!! ANS:! ! A
,/testbank-for-fundamentals-of-nursing-4-edition-sue
CHAPTER 1: EVOLUTION OF NURSING AND NURSING EDUCATION
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nurse realizes that the primary focus!!of!!nursing!!is!!on!!the:
a. illness. c. treatment !!of!!the!!illness.
b. cause!!of!!the!!illness. d.! ! ! ! client’s!!response!!to!!the!!illness.
ANS:! ! D
Nursing!!requires!!a!!delicate!!balance!!of!!promoting!!clients’!!independence!!and!!dependence.!!Nursing!!f
ocuses!!not!!on!!illness!!but!!rather!!on!!the!!client’s!!response!!to!!illness.!!The!!practice!!of!!physicians!!or!!
medicine!!focuses!!on!!the!!cause!!of!!the!!illness!!and!!the!!treatment !!of!!the!!illness.
PTS:! ! ! ! 1 DIF: Analysis REF:! ! ! ! Introduction
2. While!!studying!!the!!history!!of!!nursing,!!the!!nurse!!realizes!!that!!the!!first!!hospital!!in!!the!!West!!
was!!established!!by:
a. Fabiola. c. Florence!!Nightingale.
b. Hygiea. d.! ! ! ! Dorothea!!Dix.
ANS:! ! A
Fabiola!!founded!!the!!first!!hospital!!in!!390!!AD.!!Hygiea!!was!!the!!goddess!!of!!health!!according!!to!!t
he!!ancient!!Greeks.!!Florence!!Nightingale!!is!!considered!!the!!founder!!of!!modern!!nursing,!!and!!she!!l
ived!!from!!1820!!to!!1910.!!Dorothea!!Dix!!practiced!!nursing!!during!!the!!Civil!!War.
PTS:! ! ! ! 1 DIF: Analysis REF:! ! ! ! Table!!1-1|!!Evolution!!of!!Nursing
3. The!!nurse!!realizes!!that!!religion!!affected!!the!!development!!of!!nursing!!which!!began:
a. in!!India!!around!!800-600!!BC. c. during!!the!!Middle!!Ages.
b. during!!the!!Roman!!Empire. d.! ! ! ! at!!the!!time!!of!!the!!Renaissance.
ANS:! ! A
The!!strong!!influence!!of!!religions!!on!!the!!development!!of!!nursing!!started!!in!!India!!between!!800!!t
o!!600!!BC.!!The!!crusades!!of!!the!!Middle!!Ages!!and!!the!!Renaissance!!occurred!!after!!600!!BC.!!There!
!is!!no!!documentation!!of!!religious!!influences !!on!!the!!development !!of!!nursing!!during!!the!!Roman!!
Empire.
PTS:! ! ! ! 1 DIF: Analysis REF:! ! ! ! Religious!!Influences
4. Reflecting!!on!!the!!impact!!of!!wars!!on!!the!!evolution!!of!!nursing,!!the!!nurse!!realizes!!that:
a. the!!need!!for!!nurses!!increased!!during!!and!!after!!major!!wars.
b. poor!!conditions!!during!!wars!!caused!!a!!decline!!in!!nursing!!care.
c. wars!!have!!been!!the!!stimulus!!for!!most!!nursing!!advances.
d. wars!!have!!had!!little!!effect!!on!!the!!evolution!!of!!nursing.
ANS:! ! A
During!!wartime,!!the!!need!!for!!nurses!!increases!!dramatically,!!both!!at!!home!!and!!in!!the!!field.!!Poor!!
conditions!!during!!wars!!did!!not!!cause!!a!!decline!!in!!nursing!!care.!!Wars!!may!!or!!may!!not!!have!!been!!t
he!!stimulus!!for!!nursing!!advances;!!however,!!wars!!have!!effected!!the!!evolution!!of!!nursing!!care.
PTS:! ! ! ! 1 DIF: Analysis REF:! ! ! ! Demands!!of!!War
5. The!!nurse!!realizes!!that!!which!!of!!the!!following!!is!!a!!belief!!that!!Florence!!Nightingale!!had!!ab
out!!nursing!!education?
a. Basing!!education!!on!!a!!holistic!!framework!!inclusive!!of!!illness!!and!!health
,/testbank-for-fundamentals-of-nursing-4-edition-sue
b. Needing!!a!!practical!!basis!!for!!nursing!!practice
c. Creating!!an!!environment!!that!!serves!!physicians!!is!!most!!important
d. Basing!!the!!nursing!!curriculum!!on!!medical!!knowledge
ANS:! ! A
Florence!!Nightingale!!had!!specific!!beliefs!!about!!nursing!!education. !!The!!first!!is!!that!!it!!is!!based!!u
pon!!a!!holistic!!framework!!inclusive!!of!!illness!!and!!health.!!Nightingale!!also!!believed!!that!!there!!is
!!a!!need!!for!!a!!theoretical!!basis!!for!!nursing!!practice!!and!!not!!a!!practical!!basis.!!She!!also!!believed!!
in!!the!!importance!!of!!creating!!an!!environment!!that!!promotes!!healing!!and!!not!!an!!environment!!th
at!!served!!physicians.!!One!!additional!!belief!!was!!that!!the!!nursing!!curriculum!!should!!be!!based!!up
on!!nursing!!knowledge!!and!!not!!medical!!knowledge.
PTS:! ! ! ! 1 DIF: Analysis REF:! ! Florence!!Nightingale!!(1820!!-!!1910)
6. The!!nurse!!realizes!!that!!the!!Nightingale!!Training!!School!!of!!Nurses!!at!!St.!!Thomas’s!!Hospita
l!!in!!London!!was:
a. the!!first!!school!!of!!nursing!!in!!the!!West.
b. the!!first!!nursing!!school!!to!!provide!!both!!theory-based!!knowledge!!and!!clinical!!skill!!building.
c. the!!first!!school!!of!!nursing!!to!!accept!!women.
d. established!!to!!provide!!nurses!!to!!fight!!in!!the!!Crimean!!War.
ANS:! ! B
The!!Nightingale!!Training!!School!!of!!Nurses!!at!!St.!!Thomas’s!!Hospital!!in!!London!!was!!the!!first!!s
chool!!for!!nurses!!that!!provided!!both!!theory-
based!!knowledge!!and!!clinical!!skills.!!This!!was!!not!!the!!first!!school!!of!!nursing!!in!!the!!West!!nor!!th
e!!first!!school!!of!!nursing!!to!!accept!!women.!!This!!school!!was!!not!!established!!to!!provide!!nurses!!to!
!fight!!in!!the!!Crimean!!War.
PTS:! ! ! ! 1 DIF: Analysis REF:! ! Florence!!Nightingale!!(1820!!-!!1910)
7. The!!nurse,!!considering!!home!!care!!nursing,!!realizes!!that!!Lillian!!Wald!!is!!noted!!as!!being:
a. the!!first!!nurse!!to!!graduate!!from!!a!!school!!of!!nursing!!in!!the!!United!!States.
b. Superintendent !!of!!Nurses!!during!!the!!Civil!!War.
c. the!!first!!community!!health!!nurse.
d. the!!founder!!of!!the!!American!!Nurses!!Association.
ANS:! ! C
Lillian!!Wald!!spent!!her!!life!!providing!!nursing!!care!!to!!the!!indigent!!and,!!in!!1893,!!as!!the!!first!!co
mmunity!!health!!nurse,!!she!!founded!!public!!health!!nursing!!with!!the!!establishment!!of!!the!!Henry!!
Street!!Settlement!!Service.!!Wald!!was!!not!!the!!first!!nurse!!to!!graduate!!from!!a!!school!!of!!nursing!!in!!
the!!United!!States!!nor!!was!!she!!the!!Superintendent!!of!!Nurses!!during!!the!!Civil!!War.!!She!!was!!not
!!the!!founder!! of!!the!!American!!Nurses!!Association.
PTS:! ! ! ! 1 DIF: Analysis REF:! ! Nursing!!Pioneers!!and!!Leaders:!!Lillian!!Wald
8. The!!nurse,!!giving!!direction!!to!!a!!nursing!!assistant!!for!!client!!care,!!realizes!!that!!which!!of!!the!!fol
lowing!!nurse!!leaders!!opposed!!the!!movement!!to!!put!!untrained!!nursing!!aides!!under!!the!!control!!o
f!!physicians!!during!!World!!War!!I?
a. Clara!!Barton c. Annie!!Goodrich
b. Isabel!!Hampton!!Robb d.! ! ! ! Jane!!Delano
ANS:! ! D
During!!World!!War!!I,!!Delano!!was!!opposed!!to!!the!!aide!!education!!plan!!created!!by!!physicians!!wh
o!!wanted!!the!!Red!!Cross!!to!!put!!untrained!!nursing!!aides!!at!!their!!sides!!to!!assist!!with!!war!!casualti
es.!!Annie!!Goodrich!!was!!in!!favor!!of!!the!!physicians’!!aide!!education!!plan.!!Robb!!was!!a!!supporter!!
of!!the!!rights!!of!!nursing!!students.!!Clara!!Barton!!was!!a!!nurse!!during!!the!!Civil!!War.
, /testbank-for-fundamentals-of-nursing-4-edition-sue
PTS:! ! ! ! 1 DIF: Analysis REF:! ! ! ! Nursing!!Pioneers!!and!!Leaders
9. The!!nurse,!!assisting!!nursing!!students!!with!!providing!!client!!care,!!realizes!!that!!Isabel!!Hampton!!R
obb!!is!!noted!!for!!which!!of!!the!!following?
a. Opposing!!the!!organization!!of!!nurses
b. Establishing!!the!!American!!Red!!Cross
c. Believing!!that!!the!!nursing!!student!!was!!a!!learner,!!not!!an!!employee
d. Establishing!!the!!Frontier!!Nursing!!Service
ANS:! ! C
Isabel!!Hampton!!Robb!!was!!an!!early!!supporter!!of!!the!!rights!!of!!nursing!!students!!and!!emphasized!!
the!!role!!of!!the!!nursing!!student !!as!!a!!learner!!instead!!of!!an!!employee.!!Robb!!did!!not!!oppose!!the!!o
rganization!!of!!nurses!!since!!she!!founded!!several!!nursing!!organizations.!!Robb!!did!!not!!establish!!th
e!!American!!Red!!Cross!!nor!!did!!she!!establish!!the!!Frontier!!Nursing!!Service.
PTS:! ! ! ! 1 DIF: Analysis REF:! ! ! ! Nursing!!Pioneers!!and!!Leaders
10. While!!researching!!a!!client!!health!!care!!issue,!!the!!nurse!!realizes!!that!!the!!nurse!!who!!wrote!!one!!of
!!the!!first!!nursing!!textbooks !!was:
a. Lavinia!!Dock.
b. Mary!!Breckinridge.
c. Martha!!Franklin.
d. Amelia!!Greenwald.
ANS:! ! A
Lavinia!!Dock!!was!!an!!influential!!leader!!in!!American!!nursing!!education;!!she!!wrote!!one!!of!!the!!first
!!nursing!!textbooks!!as!!well!!as!!being!!the!!first!!editor !!of!!the!!American !!Journal !!of !!Nursing.!!Mary!!Br
eckinridge!!created!!the!!Frontier!!Nursing!!Service.!!Martha!!Franklin!!advocated!!for!!racial!!equality!!in!!
nursing.!!Amelia!!Greenwald!!was!!a!!catalyst!!for!!international!!public!!health!!nursing.
PTS:! ! ! ! 1 DIF: Analysis REF:! ! ! ! Nursing!!Pioneers!!and!!Leaders
11. While!!documenting!!in!!a!!client’s!!record,!!the!!nurse!!remembers!!that!!the!!nurse!!leader!!who!!introdu
ced!!the!!practice!!of!!keeping!!nurses’!!notes!!was:
a. Mamie!!Hale. c. Harriet!!Neuton!!Phillips.
b. Mary!!Mahoney. d.! ! ! ! Linda!!Richards.
ANS:! ! D
Linda!!Richards!!introduced!!the!!practice!!of!!keeping!!nurses’!!notes!!and!!physicians’!!orders!!as!!part!!
of!!medical!!records.!!Mamie!!Hale!!upgraded!!the!!educational!!programs!!for!!midwives.!!Mary!!Maho
ney!!was!!America’s!!first!!African!!American!!professional!!nurse.!!Harriet!!Neuton!!Phillips!!was!!the!!
first!!American!!nurse!!to!!receive!!a!!training!!certificate.
PTS:! ! ! ! 1 DIF: Analysis REF:! ! ! ! Nursing!!Pioneers!!and!!Leaders
12. While!!reviewing!!a!!client’s!!health!!insurance!!plan,!!the!!nurse!!remembers!!that!!the!!first!!prep
aid!!medical!!plan!!was!!started!!in:
a. Pacific!!Northwest!!lumber!!and!!mining!!camps.
b. Chicago.
c. New!!York!!City.
d. Washington!!DC.
!! ANS:! ! A
