Med-Surg Respiratory System Exam (2/2) – Pneumonia & Influenza High-Yield Questions provided with A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026

Med-Surg Respiratory System Exam (2/2) – Pneumonia & Influenza High-Yield Questions provided with A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 What is the patho of influenza? Highly contagious acute viral respiratory infection Influenza A, B, or C virus spread through droplets. How is influenza prevented? Hand washing Annual vaccination Avoided contact with infection Masking What are the signs/symptoms of influenza? Fever/chills Malaise Muscle aches Headache Rhinorrhea Cough Sore throat How is influenza diagnosed? Rapid influenza diagnostic test What are the treatments for influenza? Salt water gargles Increase fluids Rest Antiviral agents (within first 48 hours) Analgesics Antitussives What is the patho of pneumonia? Infection causes inflammation and fluid collection in alveoli; causes decreased gas exchange. What are the signs/symptoms of pneumonia? Fever Shortness of breath Chest pain Cough Dyspnea Confusion Crackles/wheezes How is pneumonia diagnosed? Increased WBCs ABG (increased PaO2, decreased PaCO2) Sputum culture Chest X-ray What are the treatments for pneumonia? Antibiotics Bronchodilators Oxygen therapy What is the nursing care for pneumonia? Place patient in High-fowler's Administer oxygen Encourage coughing/deep breathing Use incentive spirometer Increase fluids What is the patho of tuberculosis? Infectious disease in lungs caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Transmitted in the air and attaches to alveoli. Triggers immune response that causes inflammation and causes granulomas. What are the signs/symptoms of tuberculosis? Night sweats Cough that lasts 3 weeks Purulent or bloody sputum Weight loss Lethargy How is tuberculosis diagnosed? Mantoux skin test: Injection, read within 48-72 hours. Induration of 10 mm is a positive result. Blood test Acid-fast Bacilli culture