lOMoARcPSD| 54878315
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS
Oct/Nov Exams 2025
ECS4867
ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
100 Marks
Duration: 2 Hours
First Examiner: Prof P Lalthapersad-Pillay
Second Examiner: Ms KC Nchoe
External Examiner: Dr G Mudiriza
This paper consists of Four (4) pages.
CONFIDENTIAL
Instructions:
(1) Submit your answers as a single document in PDF format. It is preferable for you to type your
answers (Font: Arial 12) and then convert your document to PDF format for submission.
However, if this is not possible, you may also write your answers down and scan them to a
PDF file. Please write legibly.
(2) Make sure that each question and sub-question is clearly numbered.
(3) While you are not required to cite your sources, this does not mean that you can simply copy
information from any sources. You need to answer the questions in your own words and draw
your own diagrams. Plagiarism will not be tolerated and may result in disciplinary action if
detected.
(4) Please ensure that you submitted a declaration of honesty on myUnisa.
(5) Please ensure that your PDF document is NOT encrypted to a “secured” mode and that it is
NOT password protected as these files cannot be marked. Virus-infected files will also not be
marked.
(6) Please note that is a CLOSED BOOK examination.
(7) Incorrect file format and uncollated answer scripts will not be considered
(8) NO emailed scripts will be accepted
(9) Mark awarded for illegible scanned submission will be the student’s final mark. No opportunity
for resubmission will be granted.
(10) Students are provided 30 minutes to submit their answer scripts after the official examination
time. Submissions made after the official examination time will be rejected by the examination
regulations and will not be marked
Question 1: Answer ALL questions. Question 2: Answer any TWO questions.
, lOMoARcPSD| 54878315
CONFIDENTIAL ECS4867
Page 2 of 4 Oct/Nov 2025
ECS4867
Date: 20 October 2025
INSTRUCTIONS ON THE DAY OF ASSESSMENT:
Ensure you are connected to the internet in order to log into The Invigilator
mobile App and scan this QR code.
If you encounter difficulty in scanning the QR code, you can alternatively
enter the Exam Access Code below the QR code to start the invigilation.
If you finish your assessment before the app timer has run out you need to
press the ‘Finish Assessment’ button and follow instructions before you exit
or minimise the app. Please note that the ‘Finish Assessment’ button will not
appear immediately, it will only appear after the prerequisite minimum time
to write your assessment has lapsed.
Scan the QR code at the start time of the assessment, unless
otherwise specified by your institution, note that you can only scan
this QR code once.
The Invigilator App may request you to take photos of your examination
script after the assessment. If applicable this will be prompted and you are
required to action this immediately. Please follow the instructions on the App
and take note that your academic institution may still require you to submit
your script on the relevant portal.
The QR code is only scannable for a limited time and it should
therefore be scanned as soon as possible after the assessment
commencement time.
Keep the Invigilator App open on your smartphone for the full duration of the assessment. You are not allowed to
minimise or leave the app during your assessment.
You must adhere to the assessment time limit communicated to you by your institution. The timer displayed in the
Invigilator may vary depending on the start time of invigilation
FURTHER GUIDANCE
If you only have one device you may access your assessment in the App by pressing the ‘Access Browser’ button in
the top right corner of your App.
Once the QR code is scanned, ensure your media volume is turned up and place your smartphone next to you.
The Invigilator App will notify you with a notification beep when you are required to action a photo request, which you
should then perform as soon as possible.
We recommend that you keep your smartphone on charge for the duration of the assessment.
Ensure you are connected to the internet when commencing invigilation. You also need to be connected to the
internet at the end of the assessment to upload the app data gathered during invigilation. It is advisable to upload
app data as soon as possible after the assessment. Institutions do apply a limited time to upload app data.
Open Rubric
, lOMoARcPSD| 54878315
CONFIDENTIAL ECS4867
Page 3 of 4 Oct/Nov 2025
If your assessment has multiple online sections, tests or attempts, you should NOT finish the invigilation until your entire
assessment has been completed.
Should you encounter any technical difficulty, please WhatsApp The Invigilator Helpdesk on +27 (0)73 505 8273
QUESTION 1
Answer ALL questions. Number your answers correctly. This section carries 40 marks.
1.1. (a) Explain what is meant by ‘development as structural change’. (6)
(b) In your opinion, do you think that this explanation of development is adequate? (4)
1.2. (a) Explain the key elements of screening theory (6)
(b) In your opinion, are the elements of screening theory relevant for South Africa? (4)
1.3. (a) Explain infant and child mortality (6)
(b) In your opinion, what implications do infant and child mortality have on developing
countries? (4)
1.4 (a) Explain why rural development goes beyond agricultural development? (6)
(b) In your opinion, does rural development play a key role in developing countries? (4)
[40]
, lOMoARcPSD| 54878315
CONFIDENTIAL ECS4867
Page 4 of 4 Oct/Nov 2025
QUESTION 2
Answer any TWO of the following three questions. Each question carries 30 marks. Number your
answers correctly.
2.1. Describe the following common characteristics that developing countries share:
(a) poverty and malnutrition (6)
(b) dualism and inequality (6)
(c) environmental degradation (6)
(d) In your opinion, how do these attributes burden developing countries in Africa and
what can be done to address these challenges? (12)
2.2. Distinguish between the following aspects of industrial strategies:
(a) The balanced growth strategy (6)
(b) The function of dynamic imbalances (6)
(c) Medium and small-scale enterprises (6)
(d) In your opinion, how relevant are these strategies for a country like South Africa? (12)
2.3. Discuss the following factors with regards to increasing agricultural output:
(a) intensification of land use (6)
(b) land degradation (6)
(c) increasing yields per harvest (6)
(d) In your opinion, do these different ways increasing agricultural output hold
much significance for developing countries in Africa? (12)
[60]
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS
Oct/Nov Exams 2025
ECS4867
ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
100 Marks
Duration: 2 Hours
First Examiner: Prof P Lalthapersad-Pillay
Second Examiner: Ms KC Nchoe
External Examiner: Dr G Mudiriza
This paper consists of Four (4) pages.
CONFIDENTIAL
Instructions:
(1) Submit your answers as a single document in PDF format. It is preferable for you to type your
answers (Font: Arial 12) and then convert your document to PDF format for submission.
However, if this is not possible, you may also write your answers down and scan them to a
PDF file. Please write legibly.
(2) Make sure that each question and sub-question is clearly numbered.
(3) While you are not required to cite your sources, this does not mean that you can simply copy
information from any sources. You need to answer the questions in your own words and draw
your own diagrams. Plagiarism will not be tolerated and may result in disciplinary action if
detected.
(4) Please ensure that you submitted a declaration of honesty on myUnisa.
(5) Please ensure that your PDF document is NOT encrypted to a “secured” mode and that it is
NOT password protected as these files cannot be marked. Virus-infected files will also not be
marked.
(6) Please note that is a CLOSED BOOK examination.
(7) Incorrect file format and uncollated answer scripts will not be considered
(8) NO emailed scripts will be accepted
(9) Mark awarded for illegible scanned submission will be the student’s final mark. No opportunity
for resubmission will be granted.
(10) Students are provided 30 minutes to submit their answer scripts after the official examination
time. Submissions made after the official examination time will be rejected by the examination
regulations and will not be marked
Question 1: Answer ALL questions. Question 2: Answer any TWO questions.
, lOMoARcPSD| 54878315
CONFIDENTIAL ECS4867
Page 2 of 4 Oct/Nov 2025
ECS4867
Date: 20 October 2025
INSTRUCTIONS ON THE DAY OF ASSESSMENT:
Ensure you are connected to the internet in order to log into The Invigilator
mobile App and scan this QR code.
If you encounter difficulty in scanning the QR code, you can alternatively
enter the Exam Access Code below the QR code to start the invigilation.
If you finish your assessment before the app timer has run out you need to
press the ‘Finish Assessment’ button and follow instructions before you exit
or minimise the app. Please note that the ‘Finish Assessment’ button will not
appear immediately, it will only appear after the prerequisite minimum time
to write your assessment has lapsed.
Scan the QR code at the start time of the assessment, unless
otherwise specified by your institution, note that you can only scan
this QR code once.
The Invigilator App may request you to take photos of your examination
script after the assessment. If applicable this will be prompted and you are
required to action this immediately. Please follow the instructions on the App
and take note that your academic institution may still require you to submit
your script on the relevant portal.
The QR code is only scannable for a limited time and it should
therefore be scanned as soon as possible after the assessment
commencement time.
Keep the Invigilator App open on your smartphone for the full duration of the assessment. You are not allowed to
minimise or leave the app during your assessment.
You must adhere to the assessment time limit communicated to you by your institution. The timer displayed in the
Invigilator may vary depending on the start time of invigilation
FURTHER GUIDANCE
If you only have one device you may access your assessment in the App by pressing the ‘Access Browser’ button in
the top right corner of your App.
Once the QR code is scanned, ensure your media volume is turned up and place your smartphone next to you.
The Invigilator App will notify you with a notification beep when you are required to action a photo request, which you
should then perform as soon as possible.
We recommend that you keep your smartphone on charge for the duration of the assessment.
Ensure you are connected to the internet when commencing invigilation. You also need to be connected to the
internet at the end of the assessment to upload the app data gathered during invigilation. It is advisable to upload
app data as soon as possible after the assessment. Institutions do apply a limited time to upload app data.
Open Rubric
, lOMoARcPSD| 54878315
CONFIDENTIAL ECS4867
Page 3 of 4 Oct/Nov 2025
If your assessment has multiple online sections, tests or attempts, you should NOT finish the invigilation until your entire
assessment has been completed.
Should you encounter any technical difficulty, please WhatsApp The Invigilator Helpdesk on +27 (0)73 505 8273
QUESTION 1
Answer ALL questions. Number your answers correctly. This section carries 40 marks.
1.1. (a) Explain what is meant by ‘development as structural change’. (6)
(b) In your opinion, do you think that this explanation of development is adequate? (4)
1.2. (a) Explain the key elements of screening theory (6)
(b) In your opinion, are the elements of screening theory relevant for South Africa? (4)
1.3. (a) Explain infant and child mortality (6)
(b) In your opinion, what implications do infant and child mortality have on developing
countries? (4)
1.4 (a) Explain why rural development goes beyond agricultural development? (6)
(b) In your opinion, does rural development play a key role in developing countries? (4)
[40]
, lOMoARcPSD| 54878315
CONFIDENTIAL ECS4867
Page 4 of 4 Oct/Nov 2025
QUESTION 2
Answer any TWO of the following three questions. Each question carries 30 marks. Number your
answers correctly.
2.1. Describe the following common characteristics that developing countries share:
(a) poverty and malnutrition (6)
(b) dualism and inequality (6)
(c) environmental degradation (6)
(d) In your opinion, how do these attributes burden developing countries in Africa and
what can be done to address these challenges? (12)
2.2. Distinguish between the following aspects of industrial strategies:
(a) The balanced growth strategy (6)
(b) The function of dynamic imbalances (6)
(c) Medium and small-scale enterprises (6)
(d) In your opinion, how relevant are these strategies for a country like South Africa? (12)
2.3. Discuss the following factors with regards to increasing agricultural output:
(a) intensification of land use (6)
(b) land degradation (6)
(c) increasing yields per harvest (6)
(d) In your opinion, do these different ways increasing agricultural output hold
much significance for developing countries in Africa? (12)
[60]
