NURS 231/ BIOD 331 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (2 VERSION
EXAM) MODULE 1 Exam Questions and Answers | Latest
Update 2026/2027 | Graded A+ | Guaranteed Pass –
PORTAGE LEARNING.
Table of Contents
BIOD 331 MODULE 1 EXAM VERSION 1 ..................................................... 1
BIOD 331 MODULE 1 EXAM VERSION 2 ..................................................... 9
BIOD 331 MODULE 1 EXAM STUDY GUIDE ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
BIOD 331 MODULE 1 EXAM VERSION 1
1. True/False:
Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions.
Correct Answer: True
Verified Explanation: Hypertrophy refers to the increase in size of cells and
consequently the affected organ. It can be physiologic, such as muscle growth from
exercise, or pathologic, as in cardiac hypertrophy from hypertension.
---
2. Match the definitions:
a. Sensitivity: Proportion of people _with_ a disease who test positive for the disease.
,b. Reliability: Likelihood of obtaining the same result with repeat testing.
c. Validity: The degree to which a tool measures what it is intended to measure.
d. Specificity: Proportion of people _without_ a disease who test negative.
Verified Explanation: Sensitivity and specificity reflect a test's accuracy; validity
denotes its appropriateness, while reliability refers to its consistency regardless of the
operator.
---
3. Which are true of the mitochondria? (Select all that apply):
Correct Answer:
- They are involved in cellular respiration.
- They play a role in apoptosis.
Verified Explanation: Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration and ATP
production and are critical mediators of apoptosis via the cytochrome c pathway.
5. True/False:
Barrett esophagus is an example of dysplasia.
Correct Answer: False
Verified Explanation: Barrett esophagus is characterized by the replacement of the
normal squamous epithelium of the esophagus with columnar epithelium, a classic
example of metaplasia, not dysplasia.
---
, 6. True/False:
Persistent dysplasia eventually results in cancer.
Correct Answer: True
Verified Explanation: Dysplasia denotes disordered growth with cellular atypia.
Persistent and progressive dysplasia can traverse to carcinoma in situ and eventually
invasive cancer if the inciting cause is not eliminated.
4. True/False:
Persistent metaplasia can lead to dysplasia.
Correct Answer: True
Verified Explanation: Metaplasia is a reversible change in which one cell type
replaces another. If the injurious stimulus persists, metaplastic tissue may undergo
additional genetic and morphologic changes, evolving into dysplasia, which is a
preneoplastic lesion (a precursor to cancer).
---
7. Which of the following are true of the cell? (Select all that apply):
Correct Answer:
- Proteins carry out functions of the cell membrane.
- Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell.
- Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures.
EXAM) MODULE 1 Exam Questions and Answers | Latest
Update 2026/2027 | Graded A+ | Guaranteed Pass –
PORTAGE LEARNING.
Table of Contents
BIOD 331 MODULE 1 EXAM VERSION 1 ..................................................... 1
BIOD 331 MODULE 1 EXAM VERSION 2 ..................................................... 9
BIOD 331 MODULE 1 EXAM STUDY GUIDE ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
BIOD 331 MODULE 1 EXAM VERSION 1
1. True/False:
Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions.
Correct Answer: True
Verified Explanation: Hypertrophy refers to the increase in size of cells and
consequently the affected organ. It can be physiologic, such as muscle growth from
exercise, or pathologic, as in cardiac hypertrophy from hypertension.
---
2. Match the definitions:
a. Sensitivity: Proportion of people _with_ a disease who test positive for the disease.
,b. Reliability: Likelihood of obtaining the same result with repeat testing.
c. Validity: The degree to which a tool measures what it is intended to measure.
d. Specificity: Proportion of people _without_ a disease who test negative.
Verified Explanation: Sensitivity and specificity reflect a test's accuracy; validity
denotes its appropriateness, while reliability refers to its consistency regardless of the
operator.
---
3. Which are true of the mitochondria? (Select all that apply):
Correct Answer:
- They are involved in cellular respiration.
- They play a role in apoptosis.
Verified Explanation: Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration and ATP
production and are critical mediators of apoptosis via the cytochrome c pathway.
5. True/False:
Barrett esophagus is an example of dysplasia.
Correct Answer: False
Verified Explanation: Barrett esophagus is characterized by the replacement of the
normal squamous epithelium of the esophagus with columnar epithelium, a classic
example of metaplasia, not dysplasia.
---
, 6. True/False:
Persistent dysplasia eventually results in cancer.
Correct Answer: True
Verified Explanation: Dysplasia denotes disordered growth with cellular atypia.
Persistent and progressive dysplasia can traverse to carcinoma in situ and eventually
invasive cancer if the inciting cause is not eliminated.
4. True/False:
Persistent metaplasia can lead to dysplasia.
Correct Answer: True
Verified Explanation: Metaplasia is a reversible change in which one cell type
replaces another. If the injurious stimulus persists, metaplastic tissue may undergo
additional genetic and morphologic changes, evolving into dysplasia, which is a
preneoplastic lesion (a precursor to cancer).
---
7. Which of the following are true of the cell? (Select all that apply):
Correct Answer:
- Proteins carry out functions of the cell membrane.
- Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell.
- Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures.
