CH 331 Midterm Exam and All Correct
Answers.
Bond - Answer An attractive force between two atom or between ions
Ionic bond - Answer Formed when there is a transfer of electrons, causing one atom to
become a positively charged ions and the other to become a negatively charged ion.
Electrostatic attractive force between particles of opposite charge.
Covalent bond - Answer a bond formed as a result of sharing electrons.
Electronegativity - Answer Measure of the ability of an atom to pull the bonding electrons
toward itself
Nonpolar covalent bond - Answer Is one in which the electrons are shared equally to two
bonded atoms. Little to no electronegativity difference (0-0.5).
Polar covalent bond - Answer A bond between atoms of different electronegativities (0.5-2)
Lewis structure - Answer Shows us which atoms are covalently bonded together, and tells us
whether any atoms possess lone pair (nonbonding) electrons to have formal changes.
Kekule structure - Answer Similar to Lewis structures. Neglect lone pair electrons.
Bonding motifs - Answer Hydrogen and halogens: usually 1 bond
Oxygen: 2
Nitrogen: 3
Carbon: 4
Linear - Answer Sp hybrid orbitals. 180 bond angles. 2 domains.
Trigonal planar - Answer Sp2 hybrid orbitals. 120 bond angles. 3 domains.
Tetrahedral - Answer Sp3 hybrid orbitals. 109.5 bond angles. 4 domains.
, What is a dipole? - Answer When there is a large difference in electronegativity in a polar
bond so there is a large difference in charge between the two atoms caused by a shift in
electron density in the bond.
Alkanes - Answer Hydocarbons containing only single bonds
Substituent Prefixes - Answer Isobutyl
Secbutyl
Tertbutyl
Isomers - Answer different compounds with the same molecular formula
Constitutional isomers - Answer compounds with the same formula but differ in the order in
which the atoms are connected
Substituents - Answer Groups which branch off from the main hydrocarbon chain
Numbering substituents - Answer Numbering indicated carbon begins at the end nearest to
substituent
Naming cyclic alkanes - Answer Put cyclo infront
No numbering needed for one sub.
With two or more, begin alphabetically and work towards next closest
Bond angles on chair conformation - Answer 111
Adjacent bonds staggered in newman projection
Axial - Answer Straight up or straight down
Equatorial - Answer Leaning out away from the ring
Boat conformation - Answer less stable because of flagpole hydrogens
Chair-Chair transformation - Answer All axials become equatorials and vice versa
Cis - Answer same side of plane
Answers.
Bond - Answer An attractive force between two atom or between ions
Ionic bond - Answer Formed when there is a transfer of electrons, causing one atom to
become a positively charged ions and the other to become a negatively charged ion.
Electrostatic attractive force between particles of opposite charge.
Covalent bond - Answer a bond formed as a result of sharing electrons.
Electronegativity - Answer Measure of the ability of an atom to pull the bonding electrons
toward itself
Nonpolar covalent bond - Answer Is one in which the electrons are shared equally to two
bonded atoms. Little to no electronegativity difference (0-0.5).
Polar covalent bond - Answer A bond between atoms of different electronegativities (0.5-2)
Lewis structure - Answer Shows us which atoms are covalently bonded together, and tells us
whether any atoms possess lone pair (nonbonding) electrons to have formal changes.
Kekule structure - Answer Similar to Lewis structures. Neglect lone pair electrons.
Bonding motifs - Answer Hydrogen and halogens: usually 1 bond
Oxygen: 2
Nitrogen: 3
Carbon: 4
Linear - Answer Sp hybrid orbitals. 180 bond angles. 2 domains.
Trigonal planar - Answer Sp2 hybrid orbitals. 120 bond angles. 3 domains.
Tetrahedral - Answer Sp3 hybrid orbitals. 109.5 bond angles. 4 domains.
, What is a dipole? - Answer When there is a large difference in electronegativity in a polar
bond so there is a large difference in charge between the two atoms caused by a shift in
electron density in the bond.
Alkanes - Answer Hydocarbons containing only single bonds
Substituent Prefixes - Answer Isobutyl
Secbutyl
Tertbutyl
Isomers - Answer different compounds with the same molecular formula
Constitutional isomers - Answer compounds with the same formula but differ in the order in
which the atoms are connected
Substituents - Answer Groups which branch off from the main hydrocarbon chain
Numbering substituents - Answer Numbering indicated carbon begins at the end nearest to
substituent
Naming cyclic alkanes - Answer Put cyclo infront
No numbering needed for one sub.
With two or more, begin alphabetically and work towards next closest
Bond angles on chair conformation - Answer 111
Adjacent bonds staggered in newman projection
Axial - Answer Straight up or straight down
Equatorial - Answer Leaning out away from the ring
Boat conformation - Answer less stable because of flagpole hydrogens
Chair-Chair transformation - Answer All axials become equatorials and vice versa
Cis - Answer same side of plane
