BIO 172 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Charles Darwin
served as naturalist on a mapping expedition around coastal South America
What did Darwin observe?
descent with modification or evolution - in 14 species of galapagos finches
what can you guess was a hypothesis that would explain Darwin's observation?
natural selection
Was Darwin the 1st to propose evolution
no
Darwin's contribution was the mechanism of
natural selection
What did Thomas Malthus do?
Created theory about population growth- population grows geometrically and food grows
arithmetically, and that people will exceed food supply and the poor use up resources.
Additional evidence for natural selection
1. fossil record
2. earth's old age
3. mechanism for heredity
4. comparitive anatomy
Homologous structures
same origin, different in structure or function
Analogous structure
different origin, same function
phylogenetic trees
based on tracing origin of particular nucleotide changes to reconstruct an evolutionary history -
compare genomes or proteins of different organisms
genetic variation
differences in alleles of genes found within individuas in a population
what can lead to a change in a gene's allele frequency
natural selection
, allele frequency
frequencies of alleles of a gene from generation to generation
what is required for evolution to occur
genetic variation
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
predicts genotype frequencies
Hardy-Weinberg equilibirum requirements:
1. no mutation takes place
2. no genes are transferred to or from other sources
3. mating is random
4. population size large
5. no selection occurs
Hardy-Weinberg equation
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
BB+Bb+bb=1
Due to what law is the frequency of alleles in population used to determine the expected
genotypes and phenotypes
Mendel's law of segregation
If these 5 assumptions for HW equilibrium are true then allele and genotype frequencies do
not change from one generation to the next
mutation, gene flow, nonrandom mating, genetic drift, selection
If these 5 assumptions aren't true then
-natural selection might favor homozygotes
-individuals may choose to mate with genetically similar -individuals
-influx of individuals from other populations
-mutations occuring
1. Mutation
- rates low
- other evolutionary processes usually more important in changing allele frequency
- ultimate source of genetic variation
- makes evolution possible
ex) DNA mutation
2. Gene Flow
Charles Darwin
served as naturalist on a mapping expedition around coastal South America
What did Darwin observe?
descent with modification or evolution - in 14 species of galapagos finches
what can you guess was a hypothesis that would explain Darwin's observation?
natural selection
Was Darwin the 1st to propose evolution
no
Darwin's contribution was the mechanism of
natural selection
What did Thomas Malthus do?
Created theory about population growth- population grows geometrically and food grows
arithmetically, and that people will exceed food supply and the poor use up resources.
Additional evidence for natural selection
1. fossil record
2. earth's old age
3. mechanism for heredity
4. comparitive anatomy
Homologous structures
same origin, different in structure or function
Analogous structure
different origin, same function
phylogenetic trees
based on tracing origin of particular nucleotide changes to reconstruct an evolutionary history -
compare genomes or proteins of different organisms
genetic variation
differences in alleles of genes found within individuas in a population
what can lead to a change in a gene's allele frequency
natural selection
, allele frequency
frequencies of alleles of a gene from generation to generation
what is required for evolution to occur
genetic variation
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
predicts genotype frequencies
Hardy-Weinberg equilibirum requirements:
1. no mutation takes place
2. no genes are transferred to or from other sources
3. mating is random
4. population size large
5. no selection occurs
Hardy-Weinberg equation
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
BB+Bb+bb=1
Due to what law is the frequency of alleles in population used to determine the expected
genotypes and phenotypes
Mendel's law of segregation
If these 5 assumptions for HW equilibrium are true then allele and genotype frequencies do
not change from one generation to the next
mutation, gene flow, nonrandom mating, genetic drift, selection
If these 5 assumptions aren't true then
-natural selection might favor homozygotes
-individuals may choose to mate with genetically similar -individuals
-influx of individuals from other populations
-mutations occuring
1. Mutation
- rates low
- other evolutionary processes usually more important in changing allele frequency
- ultimate source of genetic variation
- makes evolution possible
ex) DNA mutation
2. Gene Flow
