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Intro to the Nervous System
Notice:-To-optimize-your-learning-in-this-course,-we-advise-that-you-complete-the-labs-and-
modules-as-indicated-in-the-BIOD-152-Lab-Schedule.
The-nervous-system-receives-and-processes-information-and-sends-out-signals-to-the-muscles-and-
glands-to-elicit-an-appropriate-response.-In-this-way,-the-nervous-system-integrates-and-controls-
the-other-systems-of-the-body.
In-the-human-nervous-system,-the-central-nervous-system-(Figure-below)-includes-the-brain-and-he-
spinal-cord-(dorsal-nerve-cord),-which-lie-in-the-midline-of-the-body.
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The-skull-protects-the-brain-and-the-vertebrae-protect-the-spinal-cord.-The-central-nervous-system-
can-send-signals-or-impulses-to-and-receive-impulses-from-the-peripheral-nervous-system.-The-
peripheral-nervous-system-includes-all-nerves-not-in-the-brain-or-spinal-cord-which-are-the-cranial-
nerves-that-connect-directly-to-the-brain-and-the-spinal-nerves-which-project-from-either-side-of-
the-spinal-cord.-The-peripheral-nervous-system-connects-all-parts-of-the-body-to-the-central-
nervous-system-and-can-be-divided-into-a-sensory-or-afferent-division-and-a-motor-or-efferent-
division.-The-peripheral-nervous-system-receives-impulses-from-the-sensory-organs-via-the-
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afferent-division-and-then-relays-signals-or-impulses-from-the-central-nervous-system-to-muscles-
and-glands-via-the-motor-or-efferent-division.-The-efferent-division-can-be-further-divided-into-the-
somatic-system-and-the-autonomic-system.-The-somatic-system-nerves-control-skeletal-muscles,-
skin,-and-joints.-The-autonomic-system-nerves-control-the-glands-and-smooth-muscles-of-the-
internal-organs-and-are-not-generally-under-conscious-control-and-can-be-divided-into-two-
systems:-the-sympathetic-system-which-activates-and-prepares-the-body-for-vigorous-muscular
activity,-stress,-and-emergencies-and-the-parasympathetic-system-which-lowers-activity,-operates-
during-normal-situations,-permits-digestion,-and-conserves-energy.
Problem-Set-1:
1. The-function-of-the-nervous-system-is-to-integrate-and-control-the-other-body-systems.-Explain-
how-the-nervous-system-does-this.
the-nervous-system-is-divided-into-the-central-and-peripheral-nervous-system.-Within-the-
peripheral-nervous-system-their-is-the-autonomic-system-which-communicated-with-smooth-
muscle-and-internal-organs-and-glands.-Also-in-the-peripheral-system-is-somatic-system-which-
communicates-with-sense-organs-and-voluntary-muscles.
2. List-the-2-parts-of-the-central-nervous-system.-
Brain-and-spinal-cord
3. How-are-the-parts-of-the-central-nervous-system-protected?-
brain-and-the-vertebrae
4. How-do-the-central-nervous-system-and-the-peripheral-nervous-system-interact?-
through-signals-and-impulses
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5. What-is-included-in-the-peripheral-nervous-system?-
all-the-nerves-not-in-the-brain-or-spinal-cord
6. What-are-the-2-divisions-of-the-peripheral-nervous-system?-
sensory-(afferent)-and-motor-(efferent)
7. Describe-the-movement-of-nerve-impulses-in-the-peripheral-nervous-system.
Within-the-peripheral-nervous-system-their-is-the-autonomic-system-which-communicated-with-
smooth-muscle-and-internal-organs-and-glands.-Also-in-the-peripheral-system-is-somatic-system-
which-communicates-with-sense-organs-and-voluntary-muscles.
8. What-are-the-2-divisions-of-the-efferent-division-of-the-peripheral-nervous-system?-
autonomic-and-somatic-systems
9. What-is-controlled-by-the-somatic-and-autonomic-nervous-systems?-
automatic-communicates-with-smooth-muscles,-internal-organs-and-glands.-
somatic-communicates-with-skeletal-muscles,-skin-and-joints
10. What-are-the-2-divisions-of-the-autonomic-nervous-system?-
sympathetic-and-parasympathetic
11. What-is-the-function-of-the-sympathetic-nervous-system?
to-arouse-and-activate-muscles-for-activity,-stress-and-emergency
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