Nursing 143 Latest Exam (2025-2026)
Updated with Guaranteed Pass
Solutions.
What are the components of the nursing process? - Answer ADPIE:
Assessment (collection of data)
Diagnosis (determine key issues)
Planning (formal plan)
Implementation (action)
Evaluation (response to interventions/next steps)
What is the Fundamentals of Care Framework? - Answer - A trusting therapeutic relationship
between care recipient and care provider
- Integrating and meeting a persons' physical, psychosocial and relational needs
- A context of care that is supportive of relationship development and care integration
What are the 3 sources of health assessment data? - Answer Primary: Client (best source of
information if cognition is unimpaired)
Secondary: Family members/significant others, health care team, client chart/medical records
Tertiary: Scientific/medical literature, nurse's experience
Subjective Data - Answer Subjective Data: client's verbal descriptions of their health
concerns; obtained through health history; the individual's own perception of their health;
quoting is best method of documenting; OPQRSTU (onset, provoke/palliate, quality,
region/radiation, severity, timing, understanding); a symptom
Objective Data - Answer Objective Data: observations or measurements of a client's health
status; gathered through technical measurements/observations by health care practitioner; vital
signs, lab tests, diagnostics; inspect, percuss, palpate, auscultation; a sign
List the 4 skills required for a physical examination - Answer Inspection, Palpation,
Percussion, Auscultation
Inspection - Answer The use of vision and hearing to distinguish normal from abnormal
findings (concentrated watching)
,Palpation - Answer Involves the use of the hands to touch body parts to make sensitive
assessments (sense of touch)
Percussion - Answer Involves tapping the body with the fingertips using short, sharp strokes
to produce a vibration that travels through body tissues; character of the sound determines the
location, size, and density of underlying structures to verify abnormalities assessed by palpation
and auscultation
Auscultation - Answer Involves listening to sounds the body makes to detect variations from
normal (most sounds will require the aid of a stethoscope)
What are some of the key fundamentals in a head-to-toe examination? - Answer - Head-to-
toe approach includes all body systems
- Begins by assessing the head and neck structures and progressing methodically down the body
- Compare both sides of the body for symmetry
- If a patient is seriously ill, first assess the systems of the body more at risk for abnormalities
- If a patient is fatigued, offer rest periods between assessments
- Perform painful procedures at the end of the examination
- Record assessments in specific terms on a physical assessment form
- Use common/accepted medical abbreviations
- Record quick notes during the examination to minimize time patient is waiting
Systematic Assessment Process - Answer A method for collecting data on all body systems
(integumentary, ocular, auditory, respiratory, etc.)
Comprehensive Assessment Process - Answer Includes identifying data, source of health
history, reason for interview, current state of health, developmental variables, psychological
variables, spiritual variables, sociocultural variables, physiological variables, history of past
illnesses/injuries, current medications, and a review of the body systems
Examination Position and Preparation for Infants - Answer Infants
- For very young, position supine on padded table
- If baby can sit, position on parent's lap
- Prepare examination 1-2 hours after baby has fed
- Maintain a warm environment
Examination Position and Preparation for Toddlers - Answer Toddlers
, - Sit on parent's lap
- Enlist parent for aid during invasive procedure
- Toddler can use security object (teddy bear/blanket) to ease anxiety
- Focus most of communication on parent to begin
Examination Position and Preparation for Preschool Age - Answer Preschool Age
- Can be on parent's lap, or on exam table
- Verbal communication is helpful, but use simple terms
Examination Position and Preparation for School Age - Answer School-Age
- Sitting on examination table
- Break ice with small talk
- Children should undress on their own
Examination Position and Preparation for Adolescents - Answer Adolescent
- Sit on examination table
- Typically examined alone, without a parent
- Be sensitive to body image awareness at this age
Examination Position and Preparation for Older Adults - Answer Older Adults
- Sit on examination table; older adults may need to lie supine
- Allow position changes and rests
- Pace of exam may need to be slowed
- Use physical touch
What are some documentation/charting best practices? - Answer - Do not document critical
or retaliatory comments about a patient (or personal opinions)
- Correct all errors promptly (and cross-out/initial errors instead of erasing or using White Out)
- Record all facts
- Document as close to the time of the event as possible
- If an order was questioned, record that clarification was sought
- Document only for yourself
- Use "quotations" when directly quoting a patient
- Begin each entry with date/time and end with signature/credentials
- Avoid precharting (documenting entry before care has been provided)
Updated with Guaranteed Pass
Solutions.
What are the components of the nursing process? - Answer ADPIE:
Assessment (collection of data)
Diagnosis (determine key issues)
Planning (formal plan)
Implementation (action)
Evaluation (response to interventions/next steps)
What is the Fundamentals of Care Framework? - Answer - A trusting therapeutic relationship
between care recipient and care provider
- Integrating and meeting a persons' physical, psychosocial and relational needs
- A context of care that is supportive of relationship development and care integration
What are the 3 sources of health assessment data? - Answer Primary: Client (best source of
information if cognition is unimpaired)
Secondary: Family members/significant others, health care team, client chart/medical records
Tertiary: Scientific/medical literature, nurse's experience
Subjective Data - Answer Subjective Data: client's verbal descriptions of their health
concerns; obtained through health history; the individual's own perception of their health;
quoting is best method of documenting; OPQRSTU (onset, provoke/palliate, quality,
region/radiation, severity, timing, understanding); a symptom
Objective Data - Answer Objective Data: observations or measurements of a client's health
status; gathered through technical measurements/observations by health care practitioner; vital
signs, lab tests, diagnostics; inspect, percuss, palpate, auscultation; a sign
List the 4 skills required for a physical examination - Answer Inspection, Palpation,
Percussion, Auscultation
Inspection - Answer The use of vision and hearing to distinguish normal from abnormal
findings (concentrated watching)
,Palpation - Answer Involves the use of the hands to touch body parts to make sensitive
assessments (sense of touch)
Percussion - Answer Involves tapping the body with the fingertips using short, sharp strokes
to produce a vibration that travels through body tissues; character of the sound determines the
location, size, and density of underlying structures to verify abnormalities assessed by palpation
and auscultation
Auscultation - Answer Involves listening to sounds the body makes to detect variations from
normal (most sounds will require the aid of a stethoscope)
What are some of the key fundamentals in a head-to-toe examination? - Answer - Head-to-
toe approach includes all body systems
- Begins by assessing the head and neck structures and progressing methodically down the body
- Compare both sides of the body for symmetry
- If a patient is seriously ill, first assess the systems of the body more at risk for abnormalities
- If a patient is fatigued, offer rest periods between assessments
- Perform painful procedures at the end of the examination
- Record assessments in specific terms on a physical assessment form
- Use common/accepted medical abbreviations
- Record quick notes during the examination to minimize time patient is waiting
Systematic Assessment Process - Answer A method for collecting data on all body systems
(integumentary, ocular, auditory, respiratory, etc.)
Comprehensive Assessment Process - Answer Includes identifying data, source of health
history, reason for interview, current state of health, developmental variables, psychological
variables, spiritual variables, sociocultural variables, physiological variables, history of past
illnesses/injuries, current medications, and a review of the body systems
Examination Position and Preparation for Infants - Answer Infants
- For very young, position supine on padded table
- If baby can sit, position on parent's lap
- Prepare examination 1-2 hours after baby has fed
- Maintain a warm environment
Examination Position and Preparation for Toddlers - Answer Toddlers
, - Sit on parent's lap
- Enlist parent for aid during invasive procedure
- Toddler can use security object (teddy bear/blanket) to ease anxiety
- Focus most of communication on parent to begin
Examination Position and Preparation for Preschool Age - Answer Preschool Age
- Can be on parent's lap, or on exam table
- Verbal communication is helpful, but use simple terms
Examination Position and Preparation for School Age - Answer School-Age
- Sitting on examination table
- Break ice with small talk
- Children should undress on their own
Examination Position and Preparation for Adolescents - Answer Adolescent
- Sit on examination table
- Typically examined alone, without a parent
- Be sensitive to body image awareness at this age
Examination Position and Preparation for Older Adults - Answer Older Adults
- Sit on examination table; older adults may need to lie supine
- Allow position changes and rests
- Pace of exam may need to be slowed
- Use physical touch
What are some documentation/charting best practices? - Answer - Do not document critical
or retaliatory comments about a patient (or personal opinions)
- Correct all errors promptly (and cross-out/initial errors instead of erasing or using White Out)
- Record all facts
- Document as close to the time of the event as possible
- If an order was questioned, record that clarification was sought
- Document only for yourself
- Use "quotations" when directly quoting a patient
- Begin each entry with date/time and end with signature/credentials
- Avoid precharting (documenting entry before care has been provided)
