MED SURG 2 EXAM 3 Heart Failure
st st st st st st
strokestvolumestdividedstbystthestend-diastolicstvolume-representsst-stcorrectstanswer✔
✔ EjectionstFraction
EjectionstFractionst-stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔
fractionstorstpercentagestofstthestdiastolicstvolumestthatstisstejectedstfromstthestheartstdur
ingstsystolest(Greaterstthanst55%stisstnormal)
Differencestbetweenstthestendstsystolicstandstdiastolicstvolumesst-stcorrectstanswer✔
✔ Strokestvolume
Failurestofstthest_________st________stisstdefinedstasstastdisturbancestofstthestcontractiles
tfunctionstofstthest__________st________,stresultingstinstastlowstcardiacstoutputststate.stT
hisstleadssttostvasoconstrictionstofstthestsystemicstarterialstbedstthatstraisesstsystemicstvas
cularstresistancest(SVR),stastconditionstalsostdescribedstasst"highstafterload."stClinicalstm
anifestationsstofstleftstventricularstfailurestincludestdecreasedstperipheralstperfusionstwit
hstweakstorstdiminishedstpulses;stcool,stpalestextremities;stand,stinstlaterststages,stperipher
alstcyanosis.st-stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔ leftstventricle
Failurestofstthestleftstventriclestisstdefinedstasst-stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔
Astdisturbancestofstthestcontractilestfunctionstofstthestleftstventricle,stresultingstinstastlow
stcardiacstoutputststate.
Failurestofstthestleftstventriclestisstdefinedstasstastdisturbancestofstthestcontractilestfunctions
tofstthestleftstventricle,stresultingstinstastlowstcardiacstoutputststate.stThisstleadssttost____sto
fstthestsystemicstarterialstbedstthatstraisesst_____st,stastconditionstalsostdescribedstasst____
,_____st-stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔
vasoconstrictionstofstthestsystemicstarterialstbedstthatstraisesstsystemicstvascularstresist
ancest(SVR),stastconditionstalsostdescribedstasst"highstafterload."
Lowstcardiacstoutputstleadssttostsystemicstarterialstbedstthatstraisesstsystemicstvascularstre
sistancest(SVR),stastconditionstalsostdescribedstasst_________st__________st-
stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔ "highstafterload."
Clinicalstmanifestationsstofstleftstventricularstfailurestincludest-stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔
-decreasedstperipheralstperfusionstwithstweakstorstdiminishedstpulses;st
-cool,stpalestextremities;st
-instlaterststages,stperipheralstcyanosis.
decreasedstperipheralstperfusionstwithstweakstorstdiminishedstpulses;stcool,stpalestextre
mities;stand,stinstlaterststages,stperipheralstcyanosis.st-stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔
Clinicalstmanifestationsstofstleftstventricularstfailure
Decreasestinstcardiacstoutputstwithstastconsequentsttostwhatstorgansstwhy?st-
stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔
decreasestinstbloodstflowsttostkidneysstandstotherstorgansstandsttissues,stcanstcausestrena
lstfailure
, increasesstabilitystofstcontractilestelements(actin/myosinstfilaments)stofstthestheartstmus
clesttostinteractstandstshortenstagainststastload.st-stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔
Inotropicstinfluencestisstonestthat
Inotropicstinfluencestisstonestthatst-stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔
increasesstabilitystofstcontractilestelements(actin/myosinstfilaments)stofstthestheartstm
usclesttostinteractstandstshortenstagainststastload.
Inotropicstinfluencestpositivest=
InotropicstinfluencestNegativest=st-stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔
Inotropicstinfluencestpositivest=stsympatheticststimulation
InotropicstinfluencestNegativest=acidosis
st
WhystwouldstustgivestsomeonestinstHFstastbetastblockerst-stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔
Turnsstoutstbystbluntingst(decreasestHRstdecreasestcontractility)stthestsympatheticstner
vousstsystem,stitstimprovessttimestforstventricularstfilling.stInstastsense,stlowerstHRstisstbett
er
PrecipitatingstCausesstofstHeartstFailure:stInstadditionsttostCAD,sthypertension,stcardiom
yopathy,standstvalvularstdisease
(7stmore)st-stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔ -Reductionstorstcessationstofstmedication
-Administrationstofstnegativestinotropic(cardiacstdepressant)storstsaltstretainingstdrug
-Multisystemstorganstfailurest
st st st st st st
strokestvolumestdividedstbystthestend-diastolicstvolume-representsst-stcorrectstanswer✔
✔ EjectionstFraction
EjectionstFractionst-stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔
fractionstorstpercentagestofstthestdiastolicstvolumestthatstisstejectedstfromstthestheartstdur
ingstsystolest(Greaterstthanst55%stisstnormal)
Differencestbetweenstthestendstsystolicstandstdiastolicstvolumesst-stcorrectstanswer✔
✔ Strokestvolume
Failurestofstthest_________st________stisstdefinedstasstastdisturbancestofstthestcontractiles
tfunctionstofstthest__________st________,stresultingstinstastlowstcardiacstoutputststate.stT
hisstleadssttostvasoconstrictionstofstthestsystemicstarterialstbedstthatstraisesstsystemicstvas
cularstresistancest(SVR),stastconditionstalsostdescribedstasst"highstafterload."stClinicalstm
anifestationsstofstleftstventricularstfailurestincludestdecreasedstperipheralstperfusionstwit
hstweakstorstdiminishedstpulses;stcool,stpalestextremities;stand,stinstlaterststages,stperipher
alstcyanosis.st-stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔ leftstventricle
Failurestofstthestleftstventriclestisstdefinedstasst-stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔
Astdisturbancestofstthestcontractilestfunctionstofstthestleftstventricle,stresultingstinstastlow
stcardiacstoutputststate.
Failurestofstthestleftstventriclestisstdefinedstasstastdisturbancestofstthestcontractilestfunctions
tofstthestleftstventricle,stresultingstinstastlowstcardiacstoutputststate.stThisstleadssttost____sto
fstthestsystemicstarterialstbedstthatstraisesst_____st,stastconditionstalsostdescribedstasst____
,_____st-stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔
vasoconstrictionstofstthestsystemicstarterialstbedstthatstraisesstsystemicstvascularstresist
ancest(SVR),stastconditionstalsostdescribedstasst"highstafterload."
Lowstcardiacstoutputstleadssttostsystemicstarterialstbedstthatstraisesstsystemicstvascularstre
sistancest(SVR),stastconditionstalsostdescribedstasst_________st__________st-
stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔ "highstafterload."
Clinicalstmanifestationsstofstleftstventricularstfailurestincludest-stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔
-decreasedstperipheralstperfusionstwithstweakstorstdiminishedstpulses;st
-cool,stpalestextremities;st
-instlaterststages,stperipheralstcyanosis.
decreasedstperipheralstperfusionstwithstweakstorstdiminishedstpulses;stcool,stpalestextre
mities;stand,stinstlaterststages,stperipheralstcyanosis.st-stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔
Clinicalstmanifestationsstofstleftstventricularstfailure
Decreasestinstcardiacstoutputstwithstastconsequentsttostwhatstorgansstwhy?st-
stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔
decreasestinstbloodstflowsttostkidneysstandstotherstorgansstandsttissues,stcanstcausestrena
lstfailure
, increasesstabilitystofstcontractilestelements(actin/myosinstfilaments)stofstthestheartstmus
clesttostinteractstandstshortenstagainststastload.st-stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔
Inotropicstinfluencestisstonestthat
Inotropicstinfluencestisstonestthatst-stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔
increasesstabilitystofstcontractilestelements(actin/myosinstfilaments)stofstthestheartstm
usclesttostinteractstandstshortenstagainststastload.
Inotropicstinfluencestpositivest=
InotropicstinfluencestNegativest=st-stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔
Inotropicstinfluencestpositivest=stsympatheticststimulation
InotropicstinfluencestNegativest=acidosis
st
WhystwouldstustgivestsomeonestinstHFstastbetastblockerst-stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔
Turnsstoutstbystbluntingst(decreasestHRstdecreasestcontractility)stthestsympatheticstner
vousstsystem,stitstimprovessttimestforstventricularstfilling.stInstastsense,stlowerstHRstisstbett
er
PrecipitatingstCausesstofstHeartstFailure:stInstadditionsttostCAD,sthypertension,stcardiom
yopathy,standstvalvularstdisease
(7stmore)st-stcorrectstanswer✔ ✔ -Reductionstorstcessationstofstmedication
-Administrationstofstnegativestinotropic(cardiacstdepressant)storstsaltstretainingstdrug
-Multisystemstorganstfailurest
