UNAs t Meds t Surgs t 2s t exams t
1
1. Wherestisstthestadrenalstglandstlocated?:stOnsttopstofstthestkidneys
2. WhatstdoesstAWETBEDststandstforstasstitstrelatessttostkidneystfunction?:stAcidstbasestbalance,st
Waterstbalance,stelectrolytestregulation,sttoxinstremoval,stBloodstpressurestregluation,sterythropoietinstproduction,stDstvitami
n
3. Whats t iss t thes t mains t hormones t produceds t bys t thes t kidneyss t tos t regulates t bloods t p
res-stsure?:stAnti-diureticsthormone
4. Forstpatientsstthatstarestatstasthighstriskstofstdevelopingstastdisease,stwhatstisstitstimportants
ttostdostwithstthestpatient?:stReviewstriskstfactorsstwtihtsthestpatient
5. Whats t woulds t as t pains t ats t thes t costovertebrals t angles t (thats t mays t extends t tos t thes t
um-
stbilicus)stpossiblystindicate?:stAstproblemstwithstthestkidneystsuchstasstacutestobstruction,stkidneyststone,stbloodstclot
,stacutestpyelonephritis,storsttrauma
6. Whatstmaystpainstofstthestkidneystfeelstlike?:stDullstconstantstache,stifstsuddenstdistensionstandstpainstcouldst
bestseverestandstfeelstasstifstyoustarestbeingststabbed
7. Whatstwouldstastpainstinstthestsuprapubicstareastpossiblystindicate?:stAstproblemstwithstthestb
ladderstsuchstasstoverdistension,stinfection,sttumorst(Orstinterstitialstcystitis)
8. Whatstmaystpainstofstthestbladderstfeelstlike?:stDull,stcontinuousstpainstthatstmaystbestintensestwithstvoiding;st
maystbestseverestifstbladderstisstfull
9. Whats t mays t pains t ats t thes t costovertebrals t area,s t flank,s t lowers t abdominals t area,s t t
estisstorstlabiumstpossiblystindicate?:stAstureteralstproblemstsuchstasstsastureteralststone,stedema,storstbloodstc
lot
10. Whatstmaystpainstofstthestureterstfeelstlike?:stSevere,stsharp,ststabbingstpain,stcolickystinstnature
11. Whatstwouldstpainstinstthestperineumstandstrectumstpossiblystindicate?:stAstproblemstwith
stthestprostatestwhichstcouldstindicatestprostaticstcancer,storstacute/chronicstprostatitis
12. Whatstmaystpainstofstthestprostatestfeelstlike?:stVaguestdiscomfort,stfeelingstofstfullnessstinstperineum,storst
vaguestbackstpain
13. Whatstmaystpainstofstthesturetherastfeelstlike?:stpainstvariable,stmoststseverestduringstandstimmediately
stafterstvoiding
14. Whatstarestpatientsstwithstbothstdiabetesstandsthypertensionstatstriskstfor?:strenalst
dysfunction
15. Whatstisstastcommonstissuestolderstmensthavestwithsttheirstprostates?:stProstatestenlargementst(
st s
t
, UNAs t Meds t Surgs t 2s t exams t
1
whichstwillstcausesturethralstobstructionstandstcanstresultstinstUTIs)
16. Whatstisstthestassessmentstofstthestkidneysstinstasttypicalstpatientstlookstlikest(regardings
t palpation):stThestkidneysstarestnotstusuallystpalpablest(however,stpalpationstmaystdetectstanstenlargement)
st s
t
, UNAs t Meds t Surgs t 2s t exams t
1
17. As t patients t presentss t withs t pains t ins t thes t costovertebrals t angles t thats t radiatess t tos t
thestumbilicus,stwherestmaystthestissuestinstthisstpatientstexist?:stKidneys
18. Whats t cans t thes t abdomens t bes t assesseds t fors t ass t its t relatess t tos t circulatorys t issues?:s
t-
Bruitsstpossiblystindicatingstrenalstarteryststenosisstorstanstaorticstaneurysm
19. Whatstisstthestaccumulationstofstfluidstinstthestperitonealstcavitystknownstas?:stAscites
20. Ifs t thes t bladders t iss t percusseds t ins t as t bladders t assessments t ands t as t dulls t tones t iss t h
eardst(followingsturination),stwhatstcouldstthatstindicate?:stItstindicatesstincompletestbladderstempt
ying
21. Whatstisstthestearlieststsignstthatstthestkidneysstareststruggling?:stAnstelevationstofstthestmicroal-
stbumin
22. Whats t symptomss t mays t arises t froms t proteinuria?:s t nostsymptomsstarisestfromstthisstcondition
23. Whatstsymptomsstarisestfromsthematuriast(apartstfromstbloodstinsturine)?:stnostsymptoms
24. Whatstdoessturinestspecificstgravitystdependston?:stHydrationststatus
25. Whatstisstthestrelationshipstbetweenstspecifcstgravitystandstfluidstintakesttypically?:s t Ass
t fluidstintakestincreases,stspecificstgravitystdecreasesstandstvicestversa
26. Instpatientsstwithstchronicstkidneystdisease,sturinestspecificstgravitystdoesstnotstvar
ystwithstfluidstintakest(TruestorstFalse):stTrue
27. Whats t ares t somes t disorderss t thats t casues t as t decreaseds t urines t specifics t gravity?:s t
Dia-stbetesstinsipidus,stglomerulonephritis,standstseverestrenalstdamage
28. Whats t ares t somes t disorderss t thats t cans t causes t ans t increaseds t urines t specifics t gravity?
-
:s t Diabetes,stnephritis,standstfluidstdeficit
29. Whatstisstthestmoststaccuratestmeasurementstofstthestkidney'sstabilitysttostdilutestan
dstconcentratesturine?:stOsmolality
30. Whatstisstbeingstmeasuredstduringstast24sthourssturinesttest?:stCreatininestclearance
31. Ats t whats t GFRs t ares t renals t functions t testss t thens t considereds t outsides t ofs t nor
malstlimits?:stlessstthanst50%
32. Whys t mights t ans t x-
rays t ofs t thes t abdomen,s t kidneys,s t ureterss t ors t bladders t bes t per-
st s
t
1
1. Wherestisstthestadrenalstglandstlocated?:stOnsttopstofstthestkidneys
2. WhatstdoesstAWETBEDststandstforstasstitstrelatessttostkidneystfunction?:stAcidstbasestbalance,st
Waterstbalance,stelectrolytestregulation,sttoxinstremoval,stBloodstpressurestregluation,sterythropoietinstproduction,stDstvitami
n
3. Whats t iss t thes t mains t hormones t produceds t bys t thes t kidneyss t tos t regulates t bloods t p
res-stsure?:stAnti-diureticsthormone
4. Forstpatientsstthatstarestatstasthighstriskstofstdevelopingstastdisease,stwhatstisstitstimportants
ttostdostwithstthestpatient?:stReviewstriskstfactorsstwtihtsthestpatient
5. Whats t woulds t as t pains t ats t thes t costovertebrals t angles t (thats t mays t extends t tos t thes t
um-
stbilicus)stpossiblystindicate?:stAstproblemstwithstthestkidneystsuchstasstacutestobstruction,stkidneyststone,stbloodstclot
,stacutestpyelonephritis,storsttrauma
6. Whatstmaystpainstofstthestkidneystfeelstlike?:stDullstconstantstache,stifstsuddenstdistensionstandstpainstcouldst
bestseverestandstfeelstasstifstyoustarestbeingststabbed
7. Whatstwouldstastpainstinstthestsuprapubicstareastpossiblystindicate?:stAstproblemstwithstthestb
ladderstsuchstasstoverdistension,stinfection,sttumorst(Orstinterstitialstcystitis)
8. Whatstmaystpainstofstthestbladderstfeelstlike?:stDull,stcontinuousstpainstthatstmaystbestintensestwithstvoiding;st
maystbestseverestifstbladderstisstfull
9. Whats t mays t pains t ats t thes t costovertebrals t area,s t flank,s t lowers t abdominals t area,s t t
estisstorstlabiumstpossiblystindicate?:stAstureteralstproblemstsuchstasstsastureteralststone,stedema,storstbloodstc
lot
10. Whatstmaystpainstofstthestureterstfeelstlike?:stSevere,stsharp,ststabbingstpain,stcolickystinstnature
11. Whatstwouldstpainstinstthestperineumstandstrectumstpossiblystindicate?:stAstproblemstwith
stthestprostatestwhichstcouldstindicatestprostaticstcancer,storstacute/chronicstprostatitis
12. Whatstmaystpainstofstthestprostatestfeelstlike?:stVaguestdiscomfort,stfeelingstofstfullnessstinstperineum,storst
vaguestbackstpain
13. Whatstmaystpainstofstthesturetherastfeelstlike?:stpainstvariable,stmoststseverestduringstandstimmediately
stafterstvoiding
14. Whatstarestpatientsstwithstbothstdiabetesstandsthypertensionstatstriskstfor?:strenalst
dysfunction
15. Whatstisstastcommonstissuestolderstmensthavestwithsttheirstprostates?:stProstatestenlargementst(
st s
t
, UNAs t Meds t Surgs t 2s t exams t
1
whichstwillstcausesturethralstobstructionstandstcanstresultstinstUTIs)
16. Whatstisstthestassessmentstofstthestkidneysstinstasttypicalstpatientstlookstlikest(regardings
t palpation):stThestkidneysstarestnotstusuallystpalpablest(however,stpalpationstmaystdetectstanstenlargement)
st s
t
, UNAs t Meds t Surgs t 2s t exams t
1
17. As t patients t presentss t withs t pains t ins t thes t costovertebrals t angles t thats t radiatess t tos t
thestumbilicus,stwherestmaystthestissuestinstthisstpatientstexist?:stKidneys
18. Whats t cans t thes t abdomens t bes t assesseds t fors t ass t its t relatess t tos t circulatorys t issues?:s
t-
Bruitsstpossiblystindicatingstrenalstarteryststenosisstorstanstaorticstaneurysm
19. Whatstisstthestaccumulationstofstfluidstinstthestperitonealstcavitystknownstas?:stAscites
20. Ifs t thes t bladders t iss t percusseds t ins t as t bladders t assessments t ands t as t dulls t tones t iss t h
eardst(followingsturination),stwhatstcouldstthatstindicate?:stItstindicatesstincompletestbladderstempt
ying
21. Whatstisstthestearlieststsignstthatstthestkidneysstareststruggling?:stAnstelevationstofstthestmicroal-
stbumin
22. Whats t symptomss t mays t arises t froms t proteinuria?:s t nostsymptomsstarisestfromstthisstcondition
23. Whatstsymptomsstarisestfromsthematuriast(apartstfromstbloodstinsturine)?:stnostsymptoms
24. Whatstdoessturinestspecificstgravitystdependston?:stHydrationststatus
25. Whatstisstthestrelationshipstbetweenstspecifcstgravitystandstfluidstintakesttypically?:s t Ass
t fluidstintakestincreases,stspecificstgravitystdecreasesstandstvicestversa
26. Instpatientsstwithstchronicstkidneystdisease,sturinestspecificstgravitystdoesstnotstvar
ystwithstfluidstintakest(TruestorstFalse):stTrue
27. Whats t ares t somes t disorderss t thats t casues t as t decreaseds t urines t specifics t gravity?:s t
Dia-stbetesstinsipidus,stglomerulonephritis,standstseverestrenalstdamage
28. Whats t ares t somes t disorderss t thats t cans t causes t ans t increaseds t urines t specifics t gravity?
-
:s t Diabetes,stnephritis,standstfluidstdeficit
29. Whatstisstthestmoststaccuratestmeasurementstofstthestkidney'sstabilitysttostdilutestan
dstconcentratesturine?:stOsmolality
30. Whatstisstbeingstmeasuredstduringstast24sthourssturinesttest?:stCreatininestclearance
31. Ats t whats t GFRs t ares t renals t functions t testss t thens t considereds t outsides t ofs t nor
malstlimits?:stlessstthanst50%
32. Whys t mights t ans t x-
rays t ofs t thes t abdomen,s t kidneys,s t ureterss t ors t bladders t bes t per-
st s
t
