TEST BANK FOR Essential Genetics A Genomic Perspective 4th Edition By Daniel L. Hartl, Elizabeth W. Jones (Study Guide and Solution Manual)

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ESSENTIAL GENETICS: A GENOMIC PERSPECTIVE 4TH EDITION
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Elizabeth W. Jones & Daniel L. Hartl
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,Study Guide and Solutions Manual to accompany
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A GENOMICS PERSPECTIVE
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Fourth Edition m




Daniel L. Hartl and Elizabeth W. Jones Prepa
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red by Elena R. Lozovsky
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JONESm ANDm BARTLETTm PUBLISHERS
Sudbury,mMassachusetts
BOSTON TORONTO LONDON SINGAPORE

,Contents

1 The Genetic Code of Genes and Genomes
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2 Transmission Genetics: Heritage from Mendel
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3 The Chromosomal Basis of Heredity......................• ............................ 9
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4 Gene Linkage and Genetic Mapping.......................·.· .......................13
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5 Human Chromosomes and Chromosome Behavior
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6 DNA Structure, Replication, and Manipulation
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7 The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses
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8 The Molecular Genetics of Gene Expression
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9 Molecular Mechanisms of Gene Regulation
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10 Genomics, Proteomics, and Genetic Engineering .............................. 38
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11 The Genetic Control of Development
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12 Molecular Mechanisms of Mutation and DNA Repair
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13 Molecular Genetics of the Cell Cycle and cancer
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14 Molecular Evolution and Population Genetics ...............• .................52
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15 The Genetic Basis of Complex Inheritance
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Appendix: Answers
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V

, The Genetic Code of Genes an
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d Genomes
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KeymConcepts
• Inheritedm traitsmarem affectedmbymgenes.
• Genesm arem composedm ofm them chemicalm deoxyribonucleicm acidm (DNA).
• DNAmreplicatesm tom formm (usuallym identical)m copiesm ofm itself.
• DNAmcontainsmamcodemspecifyingmwhatmtypesmofmenzymesmandmothermproteinsmaremm
ademinmcells.
• DNAmoccasionallymmutates,m andmthemmutantmformsmspecifymalteredmproteins.
• Ammutantmenzymemismanm"inbornmerrormofmmetabolism"mthatmblocksmonemstepminmamb
io-mchemicalmpathwaymformthemmetabolismmofmsmallmmolecules.
• Traitsmaremaffectedmbym environmentmasmwellmasmbymgenes.
• Organismsmchangemgeneticallymthroughmgenerationsminmthemprocessmofmbiologi
calmevolution.
• Becausemofmtheirmcomm.onmdescent,morganismsmsharemmanymfeaturesmofmtheirmgenetics
andmbiochemistry.


KeymTerms
1. complementarymbasempairing
2. antiparallel
3. centralmdogma
4. transcrim tion
5. ribosome
6. transferm RNAm (tRNA)
7. proteome
8. substrate
9. alkaptonuria
10. phenylketonuria
11. pleiotropicmeffectmormpleiotropy
12. prokaryote


Conceptsminm Action
1.1. (a)mfalse;m(b)mtrue;m(c)mtrue;m(d)mfalse.
1.2. Themimportancemofmthemnucleusminminheritancemwasmimpliedmbymitsmprominenceminmf
er-
m tilization. m Them discoverym ofmchromosomes minsidem them nucleus, mtheirm behaviorm duri

ngmcellmdivision,mandmthemobservationmthatmeachmspeciesmhasmamcharacteristicmchrom
osomemnumbermmademitmlikelymthatmchromosomesmweremthemcarriersmofmthemgenes.m
Micro-
m scopicm studiesm showedm thatm DNAm andm proteinsm arem bothm presentm inm chromosom

es,mbutmwhereasmnearlymallmcellsmofmamgivenmspeciesmcontainmam constantmamountmofm
DNA,mthemamountmandmkindsm ofmproteinsmdiffermgreatlyminmdifferentmcellmtypes.

Cm2006mbymJonesmandmBartlettmPublishers