,
,CHAPTER 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
yx yx yx yx yx yx
MULTIPLE CHOICE
yx
1. Viruses are: yx
a. infectious agents that infect multi-cellular organisms yx yx yx yx yx
b. noncellular particles that take over the metabolism of a cell to generate more viruspa
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
rticles
c. pathogens that replicate in complex growth media yx yx yx yx yx yx
d. cellular particles that belong to the archaea domain
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
e. microbes that consist of lipid membrane enclosed genomes
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
ANS: B DIF:
y x Easy REF: 1.1 yxyxy x TOP: I.A | I.B y x yx yx
MSC: Remembering
y x
2. Analysis of DNA sequences reveals:
yx yx yx yx
a. the ancient convergence of two cell types, i.e., prokaryotes and eukaryotes
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
b. prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a common ancestral cell yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
c. that bacteria share common ancestor with archaea, but not with eukarya
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
d. prokaryotes are cells with a nucleus yx yx yx yx yx
e. the genome of Haemophilus influenzae has about 2 billion base pairs
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
ANS: B DIF:
y x Easy REF: 1.1 yxyxy x TOP: I.A | I.B y x yx yx
MSC: Remembering
y x
3. Which of these groups are considered to be microbes but NOT considered to be cells?
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
a. viruses d. protists
b. bacteria e. filamentous fungi yx
c. archaea
ANS: A DIF:
y x Easy REF: 1.1 yxyxy x TOP: I.A.i y x
MSC: Remembering
y x
4. A microbe is commonly defined as:
yx yx yx yx yx
a. a virus that requires a microscope to be seen
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
b. a bacterium that requires a microscope to be seen
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
c. a single-cellular prokaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
d. a multicellular eukaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
e. a living organism that requires a microscope to be seen
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
ANS: E DIF:
y x Easy REF: 1.1 yxyxy x TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii
y x yx yx
MSC: Remembering
y x
5. Which one of the following statements regarding microbial cells is NOT true?
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
a. Microbial cells acquire food, gain energy to build themselves, and respond to
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
environmental change. yx
, b. Most single-celled organisms require a microscope to render them visible, but some
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
bacterial cells are large enough to be seen with naked eyes.
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
c. Microbes function as individual entities. yx yx yx yx
d. Many microbes form complex multicellular assemblages.
yx yx yx yx yx
e. Viruses are not considered as microbial cells.
yx yx yx yx yx yx
ANS: C y DIF:
x Easy REF: 1.1 yxyxy x TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii
y x yx yx
MSC: Remembering
y x
6. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
yx yx yx yx yx yx
a. A genome is the total genetic information contained in an organism’s chromosomal DNA.
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
b. If a microbe’s genome includes genes for nitrogenase, that microbe probably can fixnitrogen.
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
c. By comparing DNA sequences of different organisms, we can figure out how closely
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
related they are. yx yx
d. Fred Sanger developed the first applicable DNA sequencing method.
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
e. Fred Sanger completed the sequences of Haemophilus influenzae.
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
ANS: E y DIF:
x Easy REF: 1.1 yxyxy x TOP: I.B y x
MSC: Remembering
y x
7. The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of:
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
a. humans d. prions
b. bacteria e. fungi
c. viruses
ANS: B y DIF:
x Easy REF: 1.1 yxyxy x TOP: I.B.i y x
MSC: Remembering
y x
8. The environment of early Earth may have contained all of the following EXCEPT:
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
a. ferrous iron yx d. oxygen
b. methane e. hydrogen gas yx
c. ammonia
ANS: D y x DIF: Easy
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
yx yx yx yx y x II.D
MSC: Remembering y x
9. The development of the theory of the ―RNA world‖ resulted from the discovery of:
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
a. archaea d. ribozymes
b. prions e. endosymbionts
c. bacteria
ANS: D y x DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
yx yx yx yx y x II.D
MSC: Remembering y x
10. Which microbes may resemble those of the earliest life forms?
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
a. archaea d. cyanobacteria
b. photosynthetic algae e. protists yx
c. viruses
ANS: A y x DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
yx yx yx yx y x II.D
MSC: Remembering y x
11. Early metabolism may have been catalyzed by:
yx yx yx yx yx yx
a. DNA d. amino acids yx
b. RNA e. carbohydrates
,CHAPTER 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
yx yx yx yx yx yx
MULTIPLE CHOICE
yx
1. Viruses are: yx
a. infectious agents that infect multi-cellular organisms yx yx yx yx yx
b. noncellular particles that take over the metabolism of a cell to generate more viruspa
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
rticles
c. pathogens that replicate in complex growth media yx yx yx yx yx yx
d. cellular particles that belong to the archaea domain
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
e. microbes that consist of lipid membrane enclosed genomes
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
ANS: B DIF:
y x Easy REF: 1.1 yxyxy x TOP: I.A | I.B y x yx yx
MSC: Remembering
y x
2. Analysis of DNA sequences reveals:
yx yx yx yx
a. the ancient convergence of two cell types, i.e., prokaryotes and eukaryotes
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
b. prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a common ancestral cell yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
c. that bacteria share common ancestor with archaea, but not with eukarya
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
d. prokaryotes are cells with a nucleus yx yx yx yx yx
e. the genome of Haemophilus influenzae has about 2 billion base pairs
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
ANS: B DIF:
y x Easy REF: 1.1 yxyxy x TOP: I.A | I.B y x yx yx
MSC: Remembering
y x
3. Which of these groups are considered to be microbes but NOT considered to be cells?
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
a. viruses d. protists
b. bacteria e. filamentous fungi yx
c. archaea
ANS: A DIF:
y x Easy REF: 1.1 yxyxy x TOP: I.A.i y x
MSC: Remembering
y x
4. A microbe is commonly defined as:
yx yx yx yx yx
a. a virus that requires a microscope to be seen
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
b. a bacterium that requires a microscope to be seen
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
c. a single-cellular prokaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
d. a multicellular eukaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
e. a living organism that requires a microscope to be seen
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
ANS: E DIF:
y x Easy REF: 1.1 yxyxy x TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii
y x yx yx
MSC: Remembering
y x
5. Which one of the following statements regarding microbial cells is NOT true?
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
a. Microbial cells acquire food, gain energy to build themselves, and respond to
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
environmental change. yx
, b. Most single-celled organisms require a microscope to render them visible, but some
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
bacterial cells are large enough to be seen with naked eyes.
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
c. Microbes function as individual entities. yx yx yx yx
d. Many microbes form complex multicellular assemblages.
yx yx yx yx yx
e. Viruses are not considered as microbial cells.
yx yx yx yx yx yx
ANS: C y DIF:
x Easy REF: 1.1 yxyxy x TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii
y x yx yx
MSC: Remembering
y x
6. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
yx yx yx yx yx yx
a. A genome is the total genetic information contained in an organism’s chromosomal DNA.
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
b. If a microbe’s genome includes genes for nitrogenase, that microbe probably can fixnitrogen.
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
c. By comparing DNA sequences of different organisms, we can figure out how closely
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
related they are. yx yx
d. Fred Sanger developed the first applicable DNA sequencing method.
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
e. Fred Sanger completed the sequences of Haemophilus influenzae.
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
ANS: E y DIF:
x Easy REF: 1.1 yxyxy x TOP: I.B y x
MSC: Remembering
y x
7. The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of:
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
a. humans d. prions
b. bacteria e. fungi
c. viruses
ANS: B y DIF:
x Easy REF: 1.1 yxyxy x TOP: I.B.i y x
MSC: Remembering
y x
8. The environment of early Earth may have contained all of the following EXCEPT:
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
a. ferrous iron yx d. oxygen
b. methane e. hydrogen gas yx
c. ammonia
ANS: D y x DIF: Easy
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
yx yx yx yx y x II.D
MSC: Remembering y x
9. The development of the theory of the ―RNA world‖ resulted from the discovery of:
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
a. archaea d. ribozymes
b. prions e. endosymbionts
c. bacteria
ANS: D y x DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
yx yx yx yx y x II.D
MSC: Remembering y x
10. Which microbes may resemble those of the earliest life forms?
yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
a. archaea d. cyanobacteria
b. photosynthetic algae e. protists yx
c. viruses
ANS: A y x DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
yx yx yx yx y x II.D
MSC: Remembering y x
11. Early metabolism may have been catalyzed by:
yx yx yx yx yx yx
a. DNA d. amino acids yx
b. RNA e. carbohydrates
