TEST BANK
Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology
TOMMIE L. NORRIS
5th Edition
,Test Bank For Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th edition
Chapter 1: Cell Structure and Function
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid bilayer, most
ofthe specific membrane functions are carried out by:
A) Bound and transmembrane proteins
B) Complex, long carbohydrate chains
C) Surface antigens and hormone receptors
D) A gating system of selective ion channels
Ans: A
Feedback:
The functions of plasma membrane depend on the presence of proteins that are bound in the lipid bilayer
and some that have the ability to pass freely into and out of the cell.
Carbohydrate chains form a cell coat that surrounds the membrane and that contain surface antigens and
surface hormone receptors. Some ion channels are gated and open only when the membrane potential
changes significantly.
1. Which describes the function of the nucleus?
A) It is basically the site of protein synthesis in the body.
B) It contains the genetic code for the individual.
C) It is the transformer of cellular energy.
D) It initiates the process of aerobic metabolism.
Ans: B
Feedback:
The nucleus contains DNA, which contains the genetic code that contains the information that controls
cells. Ribosomes synthesize protein. Mitochondria transform organic compounds into cellular energy.
Mitochondria require oxygen for aerobic metabolism, using hydrogen and carbon combined with oxygen
molecules to form carbon dioxide and water as energy is released.
2. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by ribosomal
1|Page
,RNA (rRNA)?
A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs
D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis
Ans: C
Feedback:
There are three types of ribonucleic acid (messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA) that move to
the cytoplasm and carry out the actual synthesis of proteins.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies and carries the DNA instructions for protein synthesis to the cytoplasm;
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the site of protein synthesis; and transfer RNA (tRNA) transports amino acids to the
site of protein synthesis for incorporation into the protein being synthesized.
3. Which accurately explains the functions of the organelles lysosomes? They:
A) Are sacs filled with enzymes that breakdown and remove foreign substances and worn- out cell
parts
B) Function in association with the endoplasmic reticulum to modify protein end products and
package them into secretory granules or vesicles
C) Are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in the synthesis of proteins that remain
in the cell as cytoplasmic structural or functional elements
D) Are a dynamic system of interconnected membranous tubes that functions as a tubular
communication system for transporting various substances from one part of the cell to another
Ans: A
Feedback:
Lysosomes are sacs that are filled with hydrolytic enzymes that aid in the processing and removal of
unwanted substances within the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus functions in association with the
endoplasmic reticulum to modify and package substances in preparation for secretion, whereas ribosomes
are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in the synthesis of proteins. The ER is a tubular
communication system for transporting various substances from one part of the cell to another.
4. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in:
2|Page
, A) Inadequate sites for protein synthesis
B) An inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane
C) Insufficient energy production within a cell
D) Accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm
Ans: D
Feedback:
Peroxisomes function in the control of free radicals; unless degraded, these highly unstable chemical
compounds damage other cytoplasmic molecules. Peroxisomes do not directly contribute to energy
production, protein synthesis, or transport of cellular secretions.
5. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the “power plants” of the cell
because they:
A) Contain RNA for protein synthesis
B) Utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy
C) Extract energy from organic compounds
D) Store calcium bonds for muscle contractions
Ans: C
Feedback:
Mitochondria contain the enzymes needed for transforming organic compounds into energy that is easily
accessible to the cell. Mitochondria contain their own DNA. Glycolysis is anaerobic metabolism and
unrelated to oxidative energy. Mitochondria store phosphate bonds (such as in ATP) to power cellular
functions.
6. Semen analysis indicates that the client's sperm have decreased motility. Which of the
following cellular components may be defective within the client's sperm?
A) Ribosomes
B) Microtubules
C) Mitochondria
D) Microfilaments
Ans: B
Feedback:
Med C
Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology
TOMMIE L. NORRIS
5th Edition
,Test Bank For Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th edition
Chapter 1: Cell Structure and Function
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid bilayer, most
ofthe specific membrane functions are carried out by:
A) Bound and transmembrane proteins
B) Complex, long carbohydrate chains
C) Surface antigens and hormone receptors
D) A gating system of selective ion channels
Ans: A
Feedback:
The functions of plasma membrane depend on the presence of proteins that are bound in the lipid bilayer
and some that have the ability to pass freely into and out of the cell.
Carbohydrate chains form a cell coat that surrounds the membrane and that contain surface antigens and
surface hormone receptors. Some ion channels are gated and open only when the membrane potential
changes significantly.
1. Which describes the function of the nucleus?
A) It is basically the site of protein synthesis in the body.
B) It contains the genetic code for the individual.
C) It is the transformer of cellular energy.
D) It initiates the process of aerobic metabolism.
Ans: B
Feedback:
The nucleus contains DNA, which contains the genetic code that contains the information that controls
cells. Ribosomes synthesize protein. Mitochondria transform organic compounds into cellular energy.
Mitochondria require oxygen for aerobic metabolism, using hydrogen and carbon combined with oxygen
molecules to form carbon dioxide and water as energy is released.
2. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by ribosomal
1|Page
,RNA (rRNA)?
A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs
D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis
Ans: C
Feedback:
There are three types of ribonucleic acid (messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA) that move to
the cytoplasm and carry out the actual synthesis of proteins.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies and carries the DNA instructions for protein synthesis to the cytoplasm;
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the site of protein synthesis; and transfer RNA (tRNA) transports amino acids to the
site of protein synthesis for incorporation into the protein being synthesized.
3. Which accurately explains the functions of the organelles lysosomes? They:
A) Are sacs filled with enzymes that breakdown and remove foreign substances and worn- out cell
parts
B) Function in association with the endoplasmic reticulum to modify protein end products and
package them into secretory granules or vesicles
C) Are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in the synthesis of proteins that remain
in the cell as cytoplasmic structural or functional elements
D) Are a dynamic system of interconnected membranous tubes that functions as a tubular
communication system for transporting various substances from one part of the cell to another
Ans: A
Feedback:
Lysosomes are sacs that are filled with hydrolytic enzymes that aid in the processing and removal of
unwanted substances within the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus functions in association with the
endoplasmic reticulum to modify and package substances in preparation for secretion, whereas ribosomes
are small particles of nucleoproteins that are involved in the synthesis of proteins. The ER is a tubular
communication system for transporting various substances from one part of the cell to another.
4. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in:
2|Page
, A) Inadequate sites for protein synthesis
B) An inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane
C) Insufficient energy production within a cell
D) Accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm
Ans: D
Feedback:
Peroxisomes function in the control of free radicals; unless degraded, these highly unstable chemical
compounds damage other cytoplasmic molecules. Peroxisomes do not directly contribute to energy
production, protein synthesis, or transport of cellular secretions.
5. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the “power plants” of the cell
because they:
A) Contain RNA for protein synthesis
B) Utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy
C) Extract energy from organic compounds
D) Store calcium bonds for muscle contractions
Ans: C
Feedback:
Mitochondria contain the enzymes needed for transforming organic compounds into energy that is easily
accessible to the cell. Mitochondria contain their own DNA. Glycolysis is anaerobic metabolism and
unrelated to oxidative energy. Mitochondria store phosphate bonds (such as in ATP) to power cellular
functions.
6. Semen analysis indicates that the client's sperm have decreased motility. Which of the
following cellular components may be defective within the client's sperm?
A) Ribosomes
B) Microtubules
C) Mitochondria
D) Microfilaments
Ans: B
Feedback:
Med C
