BIO 171 - EXAM 1 VOCAB (UMICH)
amino acid - Answers -The parts that make up proteins ('building blocks' of proteins)
anti-codon - Answers -A nucleotide triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that
recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.
archaea - Answers -domain of prokaryotic organisms that are biochemically and
genetically distinct from bacteria
bacteria - Answers -domain of unicellular prokaryotes
carbohydrate - Answers -any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods
and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose (contain mostly carbon &
water)
cell membrane - Answers -thin flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and
leaves cells
codon - Answers -A sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of
genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
DNA - Answers -Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all
living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic
information.
DNA replication - Answers -the process of making 2 identical daughter strands from a
parental strand of DNA
eukarya - Answers -Eukaryotic, unicellular to multicellular organisms that have a
membrane-bound nucleus containing several chromosomes. Sexual reproduction is
common. Each kingdom has specializations that distinguish it from other kingdoms.
eukaryote - Answers -an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic
material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus.
Eukaryotes include all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaebacteria.
gene - Answers -Section of DNA which codes for a characteristic
genetic code - Answers -Code (system of symbols used to store information) that
describes how a sequence of bases in DNA/RNA translates into a sequence of amino
acids, universal as the code can be applied to all 5 kingdoms of organisms
mRNA - Answers -messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in
the nucleus to the ribosome
, most recent common ancestor (MRCA) - Answers -most recent individual from which
all the people in the group are directly descended
non-template DNA - Answers -contains the genes needed to make amino acids; coding
strand
nucleic acid - Answers -Organic compounds in living organisms that are responsible for
passing on hereditary information
nucleus - Answers -controls the functions of a living cell
peptide bond - Answers -The bond formed between amino acids
phospholipid - Answers -A bilayer of the cell membrane
phylogenetic tree - Answers -a visual representation of the relationship between
species, taxa, individual, population, etc.
prokaryote - Answers -A single-celled organism with a chromosome and ribosomes, but
no other complex structures; "Pro" means "before," and "karyote" means "nucleus"
protein - Answers -Complex chain of molecules made of amino acids
rRNA - Answers -type of RNA molecule READS THE DNA SEQUENCE that plays a
structural role in ribosomes
RNA - Answers -a single strand of nucleotides with the bases Adenine, Uracil,
Cytosine, and Guanine that also contains the sugar called Ribose.
Function: creates proteins, helps with the synthesis of the peptide bond, and helps to
transport information throughout the cell.
ribosome - Answers -A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as
the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules,
which make up two subunits.
tRNA - Answers -transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome
template DNA - Answers -strand that is transcribed, non-coding strand
"tree of life" - Answers -used to explain the relationships between the different species
on Earth
transcription - Answers -produces RNA molecule from the genetic sequence in DNA
amino acid - Answers -The parts that make up proteins ('building blocks' of proteins)
anti-codon - Answers -A nucleotide triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that
recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.
archaea - Answers -domain of prokaryotic organisms that are biochemically and
genetically distinct from bacteria
bacteria - Answers -domain of unicellular prokaryotes
carbohydrate - Answers -any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods
and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose (contain mostly carbon &
water)
cell membrane - Answers -thin flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and
leaves cells
codon - Answers -A sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of
genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
DNA - Answers -Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all
living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic
information.
DNA replication - Answers -the process of making 2 identical daughter strands from a
parental strand of DNA
eukarya - Answers -Eukaryotic, unicellular to multicellular organisms that have a
membrane-bound nucleus containing several chromosomes. Sexual reproduction is
common. Each kingdom has specializations that distinguish it from other kingdoms.
eukaryote - Answers -an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic
material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus.
Eukaryotes include all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaebacteria.
gene - Answers -Section of DNA which codes for a characteristic
genetic code - Answers -Code (system of symbols used to store information) that
describes how a sequence of bases in DNA/RNA translates into a sequence of amino
acids, universal as the code can be applied to all 5 kingdoms of organisms
mRNA - Answers -messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in
the nucleus to the ribosome
, most recent common ancestor (MRCA) - Answers -most recent individual from which
all the people in the group are directly descended
non-template DNA - Answers -contains the genes needed to make amino acids; coding
strand
nucleic acid - Answers -Organic compounds in living organisms that are responsible for
passing on hereditary information
nucleus - Answers -controls the functions of a living cell
peptide bond - Answers -The bond formed between amino acids
phospholipid - Answers -A bilayer of the cell membrane
phylogenetic tree - Answers -a visual representation of the relationship between
species, taxa, individual, population, etc.
prokaryote - Answers -A single-celled organism with a chromosome and ribosomes, but
no other complex structures; "Pro" means "before," and "karyote" means "nucleus"
protein - Answers -Complex chain of molecules made of amino acids
rRNA - Answers -type of RNA molecule READS THE DNA SEQUENCE that plays a
structural role in ribosomes
RNA - Answers -a single strand of nucleotides with the bases Adenine, Uracil,
Cytosine, and Guanine that also contains the sugar called Ribose.
Function: creates proteins, helps with the synthesis of the peptide bond, and helps to
transport information throughout the cell.
ribosome - Answers -A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as
the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules,
which make up two subunits.
tRNA - Answers -transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome
template DNA - Answers -strand that is transcribed, non-coding strand
"tree of life" - Answers -used to explain the relationships between the different species
on Earth
transcription - Answers -produces RNA molecule from the genetic sequence in DNA
