PORTAGE LEARNING A&P I FINAL EXAM
1. List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity.
Answer The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen and liver
2. True or False?
a. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. (T or F)
b. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP. (T or F)
c. Integral proteins are only found on the inner surface of a cell membrane. (T
or F)
d. Endocytosis is the process that occurs to eject biomacromolecules from the
cell. (T or F)
e. Pinocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell
membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F)
Answer a. True
b. True
c. False
d. False
e. False
,3. You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type
of eukaryotic cell but one appears much larger. Based on appearance alone,
which one would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more active
rate, the larger or smaller cell? Explain why.
Answer I believe it is the smaller cell that will breathe at a more active rate because in order for
respiration to occur eflciently and more actively the surface area to volume ratio is very critical; also, if the larger
surface area is present then the dittusion of gases occur at a higher rate; so, larger cells will have a smaller surface to
volume ratio and dittusion that will occur at a slower rate creating a less active respiration; and, on the other hand
smaller cells will have a larger surface area to volume ratio and an improved dittusion rate, so the higher rate and
more active respiration.
The smaller cell. Cells need to remain relatively small because as a cell expands the amount of surface area relative to
the volume of the cell decreases. The smaller cell is more active because relative to its volume, its surface area is larger
than a bigger cell. With a larger surface area (relative to its volume) this allows the metabolic processes to occur faster.
4. Note
Essay answers must clearly be in your own words.
Explain what happens to the epiglottis during swallowing. Why?
Answer During swallowing
,the epiglottis moves inferiorly to close ott and prevent aspiration by covering the trachea and creating a passage for
liquid, food, or bolus into the esophagus; and, preventing these things from entering into the lungs.
5. Air and food pass in which one of the following areas
Answer
Oropharynx
6. Label the following five items from the diagram
Label B-
Label D-
Label E-
Label F-
Label G-
Answer B - Oral Cavity
D - Epiglottis
E - Glottis
F - Trachea
G - Esophagus
7. From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are
Answer Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles
, 8. Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of gas-
trin) might develop gastric/stomach ulcers.
Answer Hypergastrinemia leads to excess secretion of the gastrin hormone, which induces excess
secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach; and, the excess acid then acts as a protective mucousa layer causing
disruption that can lead to those ulcers.
Gastrin stimulates the secretions of pepsinogens and hydrochloric acid. Excess amounts would lead to erosion of the
stomach lining.
9. Look carefully at the diagram below. Label the following 5 organs of the
digestive system.
To receive credit for the intestines you must label the specific region.
3
4
7
9
10
Answer 3. Stomach
4. Gallbladder
7. Jejunum
1. List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity.
Answer The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen and liver
2. True or False?
a. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. (T or F)
b. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP. (T or F)
c. Integral proteins are only found on the inner surface of a cell membrane. (T
or F)
d. Endocytosis is the process that occurs to eject biomacromolecules from the
cell. (T or F)
e. Pinocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell
membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F)
Answer a. True
b. True
c. False
d. False
e. False
,3. You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type
of eukaryotic cell but one appears much larger. Based on appearance alone,
which one would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more active
rate, the larger or smaller cell? Explain why.
Answer I believe it is the smaller cell that will breathe at a more active rate because in order for
respiration to occur eflciently and more actively the surface area to volume ratio is very critical; also, if the larger
surface area is present then the dittusion of gases occur at a higher rate; so, larger cells will have a smaller surface to
volume ratio and dittusion that will occur at a slower rate creating a less active respiration; and, on the other hand
smaller cells will have a larger surface area to volume ratio and an improved dittusion rate, so the higher rate and
more active respiration.
The smaller cell. Cells need to remain relatively small because as a cell expands the amount of surface area relative to
the volume of the cell decreases. The smaller cell is more active because relative to its volume, its surface area is larger
than a bigger cell. With a larger surface area (relative to its volume) this allows the metabolic processes to occur faster.
4. Note
Essay answers must clearly be in your own words.
Explain what happens to the epiglottis during swallowing. Why?
Answer During swallowing
,the epiglottis moves inferiorly to close ott and prevent aspiration by covering the trachea and creating a passage for
liquid, food, or bolus into the esophagus; and, preventing these things from entering into the lungs.
5. Air and food pass in which one of the following areas
Answer
Oropharynx
6. Label the following five items from the diagram
Label B-
Label D-
Label E-
Label F-
Label G-
Answer B - Oral Cavity
D - Epiglottis
E - Glottis
F - Trachea
G - Esophagus
7. From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are
Answer Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles
, 8. Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of gas-
trin) might develop gastric/stomach ulcers.
Answer Hypergastrinemia leads to excess secretion of the gastrin hormone, which induces excess
secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach; and, the excess acid then acts as a protective mucousa layer causing
disruption that can lead to those ulcers.
Gastrin stimulates the secretions of pepsinogens and hydrochloric acid. Excess amounts would lead to erosion of the
stomach lining.
9. Look carefully at the diagram below. Label the following 5 organs of the
digestive system.
To receive credit for the intestines you must label the specific region.
3
4
7
9
10
Answer 3. Stomach
4. Gallbladder
7. Jejunum
