PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 5
EXAMINATION TEST 7TH EDITION 2026
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE WITH
FULL SOLUTIONS
⩥ What is the potency of the pathogen indicated by the ratio of the
number of cases of disease in a population compared with the number of
people exposed to the microorganism? Answer:Virulence
⩥ What is the proportion of exposures needed to cause infection in an
individual based on the pathogen's ability to enter, survive in, and
multiply in the host? Answer:Infectivity
⩥ What is the ability of the pathogen to produce harmful toxins that
increase host cell and tissue damage? Answer:Toxigenicity
⩥ What is the level to which a pathogen is viewed by the host immune
system as foreign? Answer:Antigenicity
⩥ What is the process of eluding the human host defenses and is often a
result of altering the antigens present within or on the surface of the
microorganism? Answer:Antigenic variability
, ⩥ What are the ways is which many pathogens have developed methods
to avoid destruction by the host? Answer:Pathogenic defense
mechanisms
⩥ What are infections that are spread from person to person, often
through contact with infected blood and body fluids?
Answer:Communicable diseases
⩥ What are the 3 lines of defense that protect against microbe invasion?
Answer:Physical and chemical barriers, nonspecific innate responses,
and specific adaptive responses
⩥ What has led to multiple drug resistant microbes?
Answer:Antimicrobial drugs
⩥ What are microorganisms that live on or within the body in nonsterile
areas without causing harm? Answer:Resident flora
⩥ What is a disease causing microbe? Answer:Pathogen
⩥ What parasites require the host for metabolism and reproduction?
Answer:Obligate
⩥ What parasites may live on the host but can also survive
independently? Answer:Facultative
EXAMINATION TEST 7TH EDITION 2026
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE WITH
FULL SOLUTIONS
⩥ What is the potency of the pathogen indicated by the ratio of the
number of cases of disease in a population compared with the number of
people exposed to the microorganism? Answer:Virulence
⩥ What is the proportion of exposures needed to cause infection in an
individual based on the pathogen's ability to enter, survive in, and
multiply in the host? Answer:Infectivity
⩥ What is the ability of the pathogen to produce harmful toxins that
increase host cell and tissue damage? Answer:Toxigenicity
⩥ What is the level to which a pathogen is viewed by the host immune
system as foreign? Answer:Antigenicity
⩥ What is the process of eluding the human host defenses and is often a
result of altering the antigens present within or on the surface of the
microorganism? Answer:Antigenic variability
, ⩥ What are the ways is which many pathogens have developed methods
to avoid destruction by the host? Answer:Pathogenic defense
mechanisms
⩥ What are infections that are spread from person to person, often
through contact with infected blood and body fluids?
Answer:Communicable diseases
⩥ What are the 3 lines of defense that protect against microbe invasion?
Answer:Physical and chemical barriers, nonspecific innate responses,
and specific adaptive responses
⩥ What has led to multiple drug resistant microbes?
Answer:Antimicrobial drugs
⩥ What are microorganisms that live on or within the body in nonsterile
areas without causing harm? Answer:Resident flora
⩥ What is a disease causing microbe? Answer:Pathogen
⩥ What parasites require the host for metabolism and reproduction?
Answer:Obligate
⩥ What parasites may live on the host but can also survive
independently? Answer:Facultative
