PAPER 2026 FULL SOLUTION VERIFIED
◉ Reed-Sternberg Cells. Answer: Hodkin's Lymphoma is separated
from other Lymphomas by the presence of:
◉ Acetylecholinestrearse Inhibitors
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. Answer: Two types of
Alzheimer's mediciation:
◉ Left Subclavian Vein. Answer: Lymphatic Drainage for most of the
body is via:
◉ Erythropoietin. Answer: Hormone made in kidney's that signals
the bone marrow to make more RBCs:
◉ Renal Cancer. Answer: Affects woman >65
Renal Cell carcinomas mostly
Wilm's Tumor (pediatric)
covered under guidlines
◉ Pancreatic Cancer. Answer: Most begins in ducts
,Spreads to peritoneum, liver, lungs
Imaging neck to pelvis
Covered under CMS NCD
◉ Portal Vein and Hepatic Artery. Answer: The Liver primarily
receives blood from:
◉ Gastric Cancer. Answer: Men >65
Cardia, fundus, corpus, antrum, pylorus
Imaging Neck to Lower Pelvis
Five layers; mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, subserosa, serosa
◉ Cells of Cajal. Answer: Pacemaker of GI Tract
◉ Staging, Restaging, Monitoring response to theraphy. Answer:
Breast Cancer CMS coverage
◉ Initial or Subsequent treatment strategy. Answer: Lung Cancer
CMS coverage
◉ Non-Small Cell
-More Common
,-Spreads slowly
-Bone, Liver, Brain, Adrenal Glands
Small Cell
-Rapid Growth. Answer: Two major types of Lung Cancer:
◉ Esophageal Cancer. Answer: Affects men more than women
>65 years
Squamous cell and mucinoid
Neck to pelvis imaging
◉ Esophageal Cancer coverage. Answer: Initial Treatment, restaging,
response to therapy, recurrance
◉ Thalamus. Answer: Brain structure described as "sensory relay"
◉ Lipophilicity. Answer: Physiochemical property of a PET tracer
that decides it's ability to enter the brain and label the target
receptor or enzyme:
◉ F-18 Flurpiridaz. Answer: Binds to mitochondrial complex 1
Used for myocardial perfusion imaging
Nucleophillic Substitution and Purification
, Performed similar to Tc-99m Rest/Stress
◉ Negatrons and Positrons. Answer: Beta particles are electrons
that contain _____________ and ____________.
◉ Electron Capture or Positron decay. Answer: Proton rich nuclei
decay either by _____________ or ______________ .
◉ 1/3
ex: F-18 Max = 635 KeV Mean = 210 KeV. Answer: Mean energy of an
ejected positron is about ___________ of the max energy.
◉ Decrease Resolution. Answer: Longer range of travel for a
positron before annihilation will ___________ resolution.
◉ Positron emitted from atom w/ high kin. energy
Slows, combines w/ electron
Forms postironium briefly, spin
Mass is converted to energy, release two 511 KeV photons. Answer:
Annihilation Reaction
◉ 2 mm