AND 100% CORRECT WELL DETAILED
Phonetics - ANSWER the study of the acoustical and articulatory characteristics of
human speech sounds
Larynx - ANSWER the "voice box". has vocal folds/cords
Types of phonemes (speech sounds) - ANSWER there are 10. they vary in the "place of
articulation" - the location in the vocal tract that changes shape due to muscular
movements, and modifies the sound of the air flowing through the vocal tract
Manner of articulation - ANSWER how the tongue and/or lips control air flow to vary
phonemes
Phonological awareness (1 of 4) - ANSWER ability to talk about speech sounds, to
think about them and manipulate them into various combinations, sequences and patterns.
facilitates children's ability to make connections between sounds and alphabet letters, hence
facilitating phonics
Encoding - ANSWER blending/combining individual sounds/letters to form words
Oral language development - ANSWER provide language-rich environments. helps to
connect with others and make sense of reality. a product of nature and nurture. peer
learning is a significant component.
1
, Syntax - ANSWER related to a language's rules for correctly combining morphemes
and words into suffixes/inflections, sentences, questions, imperatives, etc.
CAR - ANSWER Comment - adult comments on what child is doing. wait 5 seconds. Ask
- adult asks questions to continue conversation or start a new one. wait 5 seconds. Respond
- adult repeats child's response then adds more information
Real conversations - ANSWER interest the child. consist of 3-4 turns. improves
vocabulary development and listening comprehension. have at least one with every child
every day.
ESL and ZPD - ANSWER teachers can use direct instruction, ask challenging questions,
and/or model correct English pronunciation and grammar
Conversational English (ESL) - ANSWER requires basic skills used in interpersonal
communication in everyday life, including basic vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.
informal. sound fluent. often do poorly on homework and tests
Academic English (ESL) - ANSWER more cognitively demanding content specific
vocabulary. complex - compound sentence syntax. students must master it to understand
textbooks, solve word problems, write reports/papers, and develop problem-solving and
critical thinking skills needed to comprehend and communicate abstract and novel concepts
Input hypothesis (Krashen &Terrell) - ANSWER like ZPD. uses i+1
Word- MES formula (Jane Hill) (ESL) - ANSWER students in preproduction stage need
to learn vocabulary Words. early production stage - teachers Model correct English usage.
speech emergence stage - teachers focus on Expanding spoken/written sentences.
intermediate and advanced fluency stages - teachers help students Sound like books.
Articulation - ANSWER the pronunciation of specific speech sounds and phonemes
2
Phonetics - ANSWER the study of the acoustical and articulatory characteristics of
human speech sounds
Larynx - ANSWER the "voice box". has vocal folds/cords
Types of phonemes (speech sounds) - ANSWER there are 10. they vary in the "place of
articulation" - the location in the vocal tract that changes shape due to muscular
movements, and modifies the sound of the air flowing through the vocal tract
Manner of articulation - ANSWER how the tongue and/or lips control air flow to vary
phonemes
Phonological awareness (1 of 4) - ANSWER ability to talk about speech sounds, to
think about them and manipulate them into various combinations, sequences and patterns.
facilitates children's ability to make connections between sounds and alphabet letters, hence
facilitating phonics
Encoding - ANSWER blending/combining individual sounds/letters to form words
Oral language development - ANSWER provide language-rich environments. helps to
connect with others and make sense of reality. a product of nature and nurture. peer
learning is a significant component.
1
, Syntax - ANSWER related to a language's rules for correctly combining morphemes
and words into suffixes/inflections, sentences, questions, imperatives, etc.
CAR - ANSWER Comment - adult comments on what child is doing. wait 5 seconds. Ask
- adult asks questions to continue conversation or start a new one. wait 5 seconds. Respond
- adult repeats child's response then adds more information
Real conversations - ANSWER interest the child. consist of 3-4 turns. improves
vocabulary development and listening comprehension. have at least one with every child
every day.
ESL and ZPD - ANSWER teachers can use direct instruction, ask challenging questions,
and/or model correct English pronunciation and grammar
Conversational English (ESL) - ANSWER requires basic skills used in interpersonal
communication in everyday life, including basic vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.
informal. sound fluent. often do poorly on homework and tests
Academic English (ESL) - ANSWER more cognitively demanding content specific
vocabulary. complex - compound sentence syntax. students must master it to understand
textbooks, solve word problems, write reports/papers, and develop problem-solving and
critical thinking skills needed to comprehend and communicate abstract and novel concepts
Input hypothesis (Krashen &Terrell) - ANSWER like ZPD. uses i+1
Word- MES formula (Jane Hill) (ESL) - ANSWER students in preproduction stage need
to learn vocabulary Words. early production stage - teachers Model correct English usage.
speech emergence stage - teachers focus on Expanding spoken/written sentences.
intermediate and advanced fluency stages - teachers help students Sound like books.
Articulation - ANSWER the pronunciation of specific speech sounds and phonemes
2
