NUR 376 Exam 1 2026 Expert Verified |
Ace the Test
Phases of Inflammation:
Vascular Permeability - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Inflammation stimulates blood
vessel dilation and opening of capillary pores. Capillary pores allows fluid
and cells (WBCs and platelets) to arrive at site of injury.
Phases of Inflammation:
Cellular Chemotaxis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Chemical signal that calls out to
WBC's to site of injury. Results in leukocytosis, where WBCs are released
from the bone marrow and into the blood stream.
,**Doctor is able to analyze the type of WBC and number of WBCs to
determine type and severity of infection.
Phases of Inflammation:
Systemic Responses - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Patient experiences symptoms such
as:
-Fever
-lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes)
-pain
-sleepiness
-lethargy
-anemia
-weight loss
** Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins, TNF-alpha, and ILs are
responsible for many of these effects
Mediators of Inflammation (5) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Cytokines (Interleukins
ILs & TNF-alpha)
-either amplify or deactivate inflammatory response
,-stimulate liver to release acute phase proteins
2. Chemokines
- proteins that attract WBCs to site of injury
3. Acute phase proteins
-Facilitates WBC phagocytosis
-Include: C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, serum amyloid A, and
hecidin
4. Prostaglandins
5. Pyrogens
What is acute inflammation? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Short term inflammatory
response that resolves once infection has been resolved.
What is chronic inflammation? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Ongoing infection for a
long period of time
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Ex: TB and autoimmune diseases
Stages of Infection (5) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Incubation Period (no identifiable
symptoms)
2. Prodromal Stage (initial appearance of symptoms- MOST
CONTAGIOUS
3. Acute stage (full infectious experience)
4. Convalescent (body fighting back, start to feel relief)
5. Resolution (Total elimination of infection)
Immunocompetence vs. Immunosuppression - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Immunocompetence refers to the individuals ability to protect oneself
from infectious agents because of a strong immune system.
Immunosuppression indicates a defective immune system that places
person at higher risk for infection.
Portals of Entry (4) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Skin
2. Respiratory
3. GI tract
4. Urogenital tracts
Ace the Test
Phases of Inflammation:
Vascular Permeability - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Inflammation stimulates blood
vessel dilation and opening of capillary pores. Capillary pores allows fluid
and cells (WBCs and platelets) to arrive at site of injury.
Phases of Inflammation:
Cellular Chemotaxis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Chemical signal that calls out to
WBC's to site of injury. Results in leukocytosis, where WBCs are released
from the bone marrow and into the blood stream.
,**Doctor is able to analyze the type of WBC and number of WBCs to
determine type and severity of infection.
Phases of Inflammation:
Systemic Responses - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Patient experiences symptoms such
as:
-Fever
-lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes)
-pain
-sleepiness
-lethargy
-anemia
-weight loss
** Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins, TNF-alpha, and ILs are
responsible for many of these effects
Mediators of Inflammation (5) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Cytokines (Interleukins
ILs & TNF-alpha)
-either amplify or deactivate inflammatory response
,-stimulate liver to release acute phase proteins
2. Chemokines
- proteins that attract WBCs to site of injury
3. Acute phase proteins
-Facilitates WBC phagocytosis
-Include: C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, serum amyloid A, and
hecidin
4. Prostaglandins
5. Pyrogens
What is acute inflammation? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Short term inflammatory
response that resolves once infection has been resolved.
What is chronic inflammation? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Ongoing infection for a
long period of time
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Ex: TB and autoimmune diseases
Stages of Infection (5) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Incubation Period (no identifiable
symptoms)
2. Prodromal Stage (initial appearance of symptoms- MOST
CONTAGIOUS
3. Acute stage (full infectious experience)
4. Convalescent (body fighting back, start to feel relief)
5. Resolution (Total elimination of infection)
Immunocompetence vs. Immunosuppression - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Immunocompetence refers to the individuals ability to protect oneself
from infectious agents because of a strong immune system.
Immunosuppression indicates a defective immune system that places
person at higher risk for infection.
Portals of Entry (4) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Skin
2. Respiratory
3. GI tract
4. Urogenital tracts
