PRAXIS 5422 EXAM SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Define. Answer: Student Standards and Professional Standards
◉ Student Standards. Answer: ASCA Mindsets & Behaviors for Student
Success: K-12 College
Career-Readiness Standards for Every Student
◉ ASCA Mindsets & Behaviors for Student Success. Answer:
exemplifies the developmental goals that each student should achieve at
their age or course level and can be used to set goals for each student to
reach
◉ Career-Readiness Standards for Every Student. Answer: set of
research-based standards that can be used to lead students toward being
successful in their desired and focused career field
◉ Professional standards or competencies. Answer: All school
counselors should possess a set of skills, knowledge, and attitudes that
help both the students and the counselor themselves grow academically
or professionally
,◉ Manage. Answer: Program focus and planning tools
◉ Program focus. Answer: Because each school is unique in their
methods and management, a school counseling program must be focused
on the needs of the specific school and should be tailored to its
individual beliefs, vision statement, and mission statement. School
counselors should create a personalized vision statement (for the school)
that describes how future student goals should be achieved, as well as a
mission statement that clearly describes how the school should operate
in order for students to reach their goals. With a focused program
established, educators are given the guiding resource they need to
properly help students grow effectively.
◉ Program planning. Answer: The vision statement and mission
statement are important aspects of an effective counseling program, but
they must be monitored and adjusted constantly in order to remain the
most beneficial to students. The usage of Data and an Annual Data
Review can help to measure the goals of a program that are being
accomplished.
◉ What three things are measured in a data review. Answer:
Participation (to measure who is participating in the program's
activities), Mindsets & Behaviors (to measure what has been learned),
and Outcome (to describe how achievement, attendance, and discipline
impact learning).
,◉ Psychoanalytic Theory. Answer: focus on aspects of the unconscious
and how they affect behavior
Sigmund Freud-father of psychoanalysis
◉ Freud's stages of psychosexual development. Answer: oral stage, anal
stage, phallic stage, latent stage, and genital stage. Proper development
in all corresponding stages indicated healthy development.
◉ Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development. Answer: social
interaction, one has during developmental stages.
◉ How did Erikson progress Freud's theory?. Answer: by
acknowledging the initial stages of development and adding onto them
by taking into account social influences and later stages of life.
◉ Psychoanalytic Theories. Answer: Freud, Erikson
◉ Cognitive Development Theories. Answer: Piaget, Kohlberg, Bowlby
◉ Cognitive theories of development. Answer: focus on studying the
mind and thought patterns and how these cognitive factors affect human
development
, ◉ Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development. Answer: sensorimotor,
pre-operational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
Sensorimotor toys focus on motor activities, and pre-operational toys
focus on developing language. Lastly, concrete and formal operational
stages involve understanding mental and abstract operations.
◉ Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development(focus). Answer: focusing
on the moral aspects of human nature.
◉ Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development. Answer: He claimed that
humans develop in six stages associated directly with their moral
influence and the ability for moral reasoning. The main idea behind
Kohlberg's theory is that as one learns right behavior from wrong, their
development progresses. This may look like individual learning not to
lie to others.
Critiques of this theory explain that it does not account for physical
development either, as well as relying heavily on cultural characteristics,
which are not the same across all societies. Therefore, markers of moral
development would be skewed if measured.
◉ Albert Bandura. Answer: social cognitive theory
◉ Define: 3 sets of standards. Answer: Student standards, Professional
standards
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Define. Answer: Student Standards and Professional Standards
◉ Student Standards. Answer: ASCA Mindsets & Behaviors for Student
Success: K-12 College
Career-Readiness Standards for Every Student
◉ ASCA Mindsets & Behaviors for Student Success. Answer:
exemplifies the developmental goals that each student should achieve at
their age or course level and can be used to set goals for each student to
reach
◉ Career-Readiness Standards for Every Student. Answer: set of
research-based standards that can be used to lead students toward being
successful in their desired and focused career field
◉ Professional standards or competencies. Answer: All school
counselors should possess a set of skills, knowledge, and attitudes that
help both the students and the counselor themselves grow academically
or professionally
,◉ Manage. Answer: Program focus and planning tools
◉ Program focus. Answer: Because each school is unique in their
methods and management, a school counseling program must be focused
on the needs of the specific school and should be tailored to its
individual beliefs, vision statement, and mission statement. School
counselors should create a personalized vision statement (for the school)
that describes how future student goals should be achieved, as well as a
mission statement that clearly describes how the school should operate
in order for students to reach their goals. With a focused program
established, educators are given the guiding resource they need to
properly help students grow effectively.
◉ Program planning. Answer: The vision statement and mission
statement are important aspects of an effective counseling program, but
they must be monitored and adjusted constantly in order to remain the
most beneficial to students. The usage of Data and an Annual Data
Review can help to measure the goals of a program that are being
accomplished.
◉ What three things are measured in a data review. Answer:
Participation (to measure who is participating in the program's
activities), Mindsets & Behaviors (to measure what has been learned),
and Outcome (to describe how achievement, attendance, and discipline
impact learning).
,◉ Psychoanalytic Theory. Answer: focus on aspects of the unconscious
and how they affect behavior
Sigmund Freud-father of psychoanalysis
◉ Freud's stages of psychosexual development. Answer: oral stage, anal
stage, phallic stage, latent stage, and genital stage. Proper development
in all corresponding stages indicated healthy development.
◉ Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development. Answer: social
interaction, one has during developmental stages.
◉ How did Erikson progress Freud's theory?. Answer: by
acknowledging the initial stages of development and adding onto them
by taking into account social influences and later stages of life.
◉ Psychoanalytic Theories. Answer: Freud, Erikson
◉ Cognitive Development Theories. Answer: Piaget, Kohlberg, Bowlby
◉ Cognitive theories of development. Answer: focus on studying the
mind and thought patterns and how these cognitive factors affect human
development
, ◉ Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development. Answer: sensorimotor,
pre-operational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
Sensorimotor toys focus on motor activities, and pre-operational toys
focus on developing language. Lastly, concrete and formal operational
stages involve understanding mental and abstract operations.
◉ Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development(focus). Answer: focusing
on the moral aspects of human nature.
◉ Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development. Answer: He claimed that
humans develop in six stages associated directly with their moral
influence and the ability for moral reasoning. The main idea behind
Kohlberg's theory is that as one learns right behavior from wrong, their
development progresses. This may look like individual learning not to
lie to others.
Critiques of this theory explain that it does not account for physical
development either, as well as relying heavily on cultural characteristics,
which are not the same across all societies. Therefore, markers of moral
development would be skewed if measured.
◉ Albert Bandura. Answer: social cognitive theory
◉ Define: 3 sets of standards. Answer: Student standards, Professional
standards
