NR507 Final Exam – Comprehensive
Advanced Pathophysiology Review with
Answers (Chamberlain 2025/2026)
Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract infection? -
ANSWER Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a urinary tract
infection (UTI)? - ANSWER Pregnancy
A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes: - ANSWER
urgency
Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of having a
shorter urethra. - ANSWER true
Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI? - ANSWER
Increase water consumption
Uncomplicated UTI - ANSWER Occurs in the normal
urinary tract
Responds well to short course of antibiotic therapy
Simple cystitis in non-pregnant women without any urologic abnormalities
,Complicated UTI - ANSWER UTI extends beyond the
bladder
Caused by structural or functional urinary tract abnormalities or untreated UTI
Infants and older adults affected
Associated with: indwelling catheters, renal calculi, diabetes, pregnancy
A 25 year- old female presents to the primary care office with urinary burning and
frequency for the last 3 days. She denies any fever, chills, back pain. Her
gynecological history is negative and reports no vaginal discharge. The only new
information reported is that she recently had sexual intercourse with a new male
partner.
The NP obtains a urinalysis and determines that the urine contains leukocytes,
RBCs, nitrites, and WBCs. No casts are identified. Based on symptom presentation
and UA results, the patient can be diagnosed with: - ANSWER
cystitis
J.S. is an 80 -year-old patient who resides in a local nursing home. He recently
became confused and then fell while ambulating to the bathroom three days ago.
Because of his confusion and fall, he was transferred to the acute care facility for
evaluation and treatment. Lab work revealed that the patient was very dehydrated
with hypernatremia identified and appropriate intravenous fluids started. Cystitis
was also identified from the urinalysis. He was also noted to have red and
excoriated skin between the buttocks and inner thighs due to urinary frequency and
dribbling. To help with skin healing and to prevent further urine leakage, an
indwelling catheter was inserted. Two days after the catheter was placed, the
patient spiked a fever of 102 degrees Fahrenheit associated with shaking chills. An
intense, foul odor was noted in the urine. On examination of the flank area, the
patient yelled out when touched. A urine c - ANSWER
pyelonephritis
Identify the major risk factor J.S. has that is associated with pyelonephritis: -
ANSWER indwelling foley catheter
, The urinalysis of a patient with a complicated UTI will show WBCs and casts -
ANSWER true
Upon examination of a urinalysis, the NP can highly suspect that the causative
bacteria are gram negative because of the presence of: - ANSWER
nitrites
A 21-year-old patient reports to the primary care clinic complaining of urinary
urgency, frequency and burning. She also reports a small amount of vaginal
discharge that contains an odor. It is likely that the NP will perform a vaginal exam
at this visit. - ANSWER true
The NP would know that the patient most likely has an uncomplicated UTI
because: - ANSWER The UTI responds well to a short
course of antibiotic therapy.
A common organism that causes a urinary tract infection include: -
ANSWER Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
E coli
The purpose of straining in BPH is to overcome the obstruction encountered during
urination. - ANSWER true
The peripheral zone of the prostate is the largest zone. - ANSWER
true
Advanced Pathophysiology Review with
Answers (Chamberlain 2025/2026)
Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract infection? -
ANSWER Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a urinary tract
infection (UTI)? - ANSWER Pregnancy
A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes: - ANSWER
urgency
Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of having a
shorter urethra. - ANSWER true
Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI? - ANSWER
Increase water consumption
Uncomplicated UTI - ANSWER Occurs in the normal
urinary tract
Responds well to short course of antibiotic therapy
Simple cystitis in non-pregnant women without any urologic abnormalities
,Complicated UTI - ANSWER UTI extends beyond the
bladder
Caused by structural or functional urinary tract abnormalities or untreated UTI
Infants and older adults affected
Associated with: indwelling catheters, renal calculi, diabetes, pregnancy
A 25 year- old female presents to the primary care office with urinary burning and
frequency for the last 3 days. She denies any fever, chills, back pain. Her
gynecological history is negative and reports no vaginal discharge. The only new
information reported is that she recently had sexual intercourse with a new male
partner.
The NP obtains a urinalysis and determines that the urine contains leukocytes,
RBCs, nitrites, and WBCs. No casts are identified. Based on symptom presentation
and UA results, the patient can be diagnosed with: - ANSWER
cystitis
J.S. is an 80 -year-old patient who resides in a local nursing home. He recently
became confused and then fell while ambulating to the bathroom three days ago.
Because of his confusion and fall, he was transferred to the acute care facility for
evaluation and treatment. Lab work revealed that the patient was very dehydrated
with hypernatremia identified and appropriate intravenous fluids started. Cystitis
was also identified from the urinalysis. He was also noted to have red and
excoriated skin between the buttocks and inner thighs due to urinary frequency and
dribbling. To help with skin healing and to prevent further urine leakage, an
indwelling catheter was inserted. Two days after the catheter was placed, the
patient spiked a fever of 102 degrees Fahrenheit associated with shaking chills. An
intense, foul odor was noted in the urine. On examination of the flank area, the
patient yelled out when touched. A urine c - ANSWER
pyelonephritis
Identify the major risk factor J.S. has that is associated with pyelonephritis: -
ANSWER indwelling foley catheter
, The urinalysis of a patient with a complicated UTI will show WBCs and casts -
ANSWER true
Upon examination of a urinalysis, the NP can highly suspect that the causative
bacteria are gram negative because of the presence of: - ANSWER
nitrites
A 21-year-old patient reports to the primary care clinic complaining of urinary
urgency, frequency and burning. She also reports a small amount of vaginal
discharge that contains an odor. It is likely that the NP will perform a vaginal exam
at this visit. - ANSWER true
The NP would know that the patient most likely has an uncomplicated UTI
because: - ANSWER The UTI responds well to a short
course of antibiotic therapy.
A common organism that causes a urinary tract infection include: -
ANSWER Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
E coli
The purpose of straining in BPH is to overcome the obstruction encountered during
urination. - ANSWER true
The peripheral zone of the prostate is the largest zone. - ANSWER
true
