Midterm Exam: NR565/ NR 565 Advanced
Pharmacology Care of the Fundamentals Exam |
Questions and Verified Answers (2026/ 2027 Update)-
Chamberlain
When is it used - ASCVD Risk Score - ANS>>In children a screening
should be done between ages 9 and 11 and then again at ages 19 and 21.
For adults every 5 years after the age of 20. Some people are at greater
risk like those with diabetes and a risk score greater than 7.5% and
should be screened more often
ezetimibe- when can it be used? - ANS>>pregnancy/breastfeeding can
be use in monotherapy or as adjunct therapy with a statin or a fibrate
What is ezetimibe? - ANS>>Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor- lowers
cholesterol levels by decreasing the amount of cholesterol that is
absorbed from the small intestine, so that there is less intestinal
cholesterol delivered to the liver. Does not affect triglycerides
lifestyle changes for high cholesterol - ANS>>Lifestyle changes are non
drug measures used to lower LDL. Four main issues are diet, exercise,
weight control, and smoking cessation
If a patient wanted to minimize side effects, which drug classification is
a good choice? - ANS>>Non-statins- fibrates, Ezetimibe, Bile acid
sequestrants. Statins are generally well tolerated and side effects are
uncommon. Some patients develop headache, flatulence, constipation, or
GI disturbances, but these effects are usually mild and transient
,Therapeutic action of organic nitrates (nitroglycerin) - ANS>>direct
relaxant effect on vascular smooth muscles, and the dilation of coronary
vessels improves oxygen supply to the myocardium. The dilation of
peripheral veins, and in higher doses peripheral arteries, reduces preload
and afterload, and thereby lowers myocardial oxygen consumption.
promote vasodilation
Contraindications for ranolazine - ANS>>Agents that inhibit CYP3A4
can increase the levels of ranolazine and thereby increase the risk of
torsades de pointes. These things include: grapefruit juice, HIV protease
inhibitors, macrolide antibiotics, azole antifungal drugs, and some CCB.
Most CCB but not amlodipine can increase levels of ranolazine. Drugs
that prolong the QT interval can increase the risk of torsades de pointes.
(quinidine, sotalol).
At what age can statins be prescribed? - ANS>>avoid statin use in
children under the age of 10
CCB role with variant angina - ANS>>promote relaxation of coronary
artery spasm, increasing cardiac oxygen supply
what medication can be added for patients with worsening symptoms of
HF? - ANS>>aldosterone antagonist- promotes myocardial remodeling
and fibrosis, help with symptoms
,CCB stable angina - ANS>>promote relaxation of peripheral arterioles,
decreasing afterload and reducing cardiac oxygen demand
A 41 year old patient comes into the clinic complaining of increased
heart rate after starting nitro patches for stable angina. What would an
appropriate response be?
1. lets lower the dose and frequency of use
2. I will prescribe a BB to help with this
3. Next time this happens, lie down and practice deep breathing, this will
bring your heart rate down - ANS>>2- I will prescribe a BB to help with
this
What do CYP450 inhibitors and reducers do when not used
correctly/what would patient experience? - ANS>>increased side
effects, adverse reactions and toxicity
A 55 year old male comes into the clinic with a gouty arthritis. He states
that he has one flareup a year. Your response is:
1. I will prescribe you glucocorticoids to help with inflammation
2. Lets start you on prophylactic therapy colchicine.
3. It will be helpful to take an NSAID to start with to help relive some
inflammation. I'll prescribe naproxen. - ANS>>3- in patients with
, infrequent flareups, being less than three per year, treatment of
symptoms is all thats needed. NSAIDS are the first line agent for
relieving pain of an acute gout attack.
A patient comes in stating that he tried NSAIDS to relieve a gouty attack
but it hasnt helped. He asks, "what are my options?" He further states
that he has attacks every few years but when he does NSAIDS do not
help. Your response is:
1. I can prescribe a glucocorticoid (prednisone) and that will bring down
the inflammation and pain.
2. Have your tried increasing your dosage of NSAIDS and drink plenty
of water?
3. Lets start by making some changes in your diet, can you tell me what
you eat regularly? - ANS>>1
3- can also be correct but BEST answer
Colchicine is considered for long term treatment if a person has how
many gouty attacks per year? - ANS>>three or more
Colchicine should not be taken with what medications? - ANS>> statins,
CYP3A4 inhibitors
adverse effects of colchicine - ANS>>nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
myelosuppression, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis
Pharmacology Care of the Fundamentals Exam |
Questions and Verified Answers (2026/ 2027 Update)-
Chamberlain
When is it used - ASCVD Risk Score - ANS>>In children a screening
should be done between ages 9 and 11 and then again at ages 19 and 21.
For adults every 5 years after the age of 20. Some people are at greater
risk like those with diabetes and a risk score greater than 7.5% and
should be screened more often
ezetimibe- when can it be used? - ANS>>pregnancy/breastfeeding can
be use in monotherapy or as adjunct therapy with a statin or a fibrate
What is ezetimibe? - ANS>>Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor- lowers
cholesterol levels by decreasing the amount of cholesterol that is
absorbed from the small intestine, so that there is less intestinal
cholesterol delivered to the liver. Does not affect triglycerides
lifestyle changes for high cholesterol - ANS>>Lifestyle changes are non
drug measures used to lower LDL. Four main issues are diet, exercise,
weight control, and smoking cessation
If a patient wanted to minimize side effects, which drug classification is
a good choice? - ANS>>Non-statins- fibrates, Ezetimibe, Bile acid
sequestrants. Statins are generally well tolerated and side effects are
uncommon. Some patients develop headache, flatulence, constipation, or
GI disturbances, but these effects are usually mild and transient
,Therapeutic action of organic nitrates (nitroglycerin) - ANS>>direct
relaxant effect on vascular smooth muscles, and the dilation of coronary
vessels improves oxygen supply to the myocardium. The dilation of
peripheral veins, and in higher doses peripheral arteries, reduces preload
and afterload, and thereby lowers myocardial oxygen consumption.
promote vasodilation
Contraindications for ranolazine - ANS>>Agents that inhibit CYP3A4
can increase the levels of ranolazine and thereby increase the risk of
torsades de pointes. These things include: grapefruit juice, HIV protease
inhibitors, macrolide antibiotics, azole antifungal drugs, and some CCB.
Most CCB but not amlodipine can increase levels of ranolazine. Drugs
that prolong the QT interval can increase the risk of torsades de pointes.
(quinidine, sotalol).
At what age can statins be prescribed? - ANS>>avoid statin use in
children under the age of 10
CCB role with variant angina - ANS>>promote relaxation of coronary
artery spasm, increasing cardiac oxygen supply
what medication can be added for patients with worsening symptoms of
HF? - ANS>>aldosterone antagonist- promotes myocardial remodeling
and fibrosis, help with symptoms
,CCB stable angina - ANS>>promote relaxation of peripheral arterioles,
decreasing afterload and reducing cardiac oxygen demand
A 41 year old patient comes into the clinic complaining of increased
heart rate after starting nitro patches for stable angina. What would an
appropriate response be?
1. lets lower the dose and frequency of use
2. I will prescribe a BB to help with this
3. Next time this happens, lie down and practice deep breathing, this will
bring your heart rate down - ANS>>2- I will prescribe a BB to help with
this
What do CYP450 inhibitors and reducers do when not used
correctly/what would patient experience? - ANS>>increased side
effects, adverse reactions and toxicity
A 55 year old male comes into the clinic with a gouty arthritis. He states
that he has one flareup a year. Your response is:
1. I will prescribe you glucocorticoids to help with inflammation
2. Lets start you on prophylactic therapy colchicine.
3. It will be helpful to take an NSAID to start with to help relive some
inflammation. I'll prescribe naproxen. - ANS>>3- in patients with
, infrequent flareups, being less than three per year, treatment of
symptoms is all thats needed. NSAIDS are the first line agent for
relieving pain of an acute gout attack.
A patient comes in stating that he tried NSAIDS to relieve a gouty attack
but it hasnt helped. He asks, "what are my options?" He further states
that he has attacks every few years but when he does NSAIDS do not
help. Your response is:
1. I can prescribe a glucocorticoid (prednisone) and that will bring down
the inflammation and pain.
2. Have your tried increasing your dosage of NSAIDS and drink plenty
of water?
3. Lets start by making some changes in your diet, can you tell me what
you eat regularly? - ANS>>1
3- can also be correct but BEST answer
Colchicine is considered for long term treatment if a person has how
many gouty attacks per year? - ANS>>three or more
Colchicine should not be taken with what medications? - ANS>> statins,
CYP3A4 inhibitors
adverse effects of colchicine - ANS>>nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
myelosuppression, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis
