HSS 1100 QUIZ 1 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is transmissibility? - Answer-The transfer of the microorganism to the host. This
occurs through:
- Inhalation
- Ingestion
- Break in protective barrier
- Direct deposit
What does the microorganism require to produce a disease? - Answer-- Transmissibility
- Pathogenicity
What is active immunization? - Answer-The stimulation of the body's immune
mechanisms through the administration of a vaccine.
What are the main strategies of active immunization? - Answer-- Live attenuated
vaccines
- Killed vaccines
- Recombinant vaccines
- Absorbed vaccines
- Conjugate vaccines
- Combined Vaccines
- A schedule of immunizations
What are combine active-passive immunizations? - Answer-Providing the patients with
immediate protection through passive immunization while also providing long-term
immunization through active immunizations.
How has antibiotic resistance increased? - Answer-- The use and misuse of antibiotics
in agriculture and aquaculture.
- The use and misuse of antibiotics in the human population.
- The passing of antibiotic resistance bacteria to offspring.
What is intrinsic resistance? - Answer-This is a predictable form of resistance based on
the mechanisms of the antibiotic and characteristics of the microorganism.
What is acquired resistance? - Answer-A previously susceptible organism becoming
resistant to an antibiotic. This can occur through:
- Alteration in the drug target
, - Production of inactivating enzymes
- Decreased antibiotic uptake
What is the basic structure of a virus? - Answer-They consist of:
- Nucleic acid
- Sometimes a capsid (protein shell)
What is the basic structure of bacteria? - Answer-They are prokaryotes.
They consist of:
- Rigid cell wall
- Cytoplasm
- Genetic material organized into a circular chromosome
What is the basic structure of eukaryotes? - Answer-The genetic material is organized
into a nucleus.
What is meant by the term 'resident flora'? - Answer-Flora that occupy an area of the
body that is suitable for them. These flora tend to colonize and remain for a long time.
What is meant by the term 'transient flora'? - Answer-Flora that is found in a specific
place as a result of the displacement of resident flora, injury or trauma. They only
survive for a short period of time.
Why are normal flora important? - Answer-- Protect from infection
- Work with metabolism, could result in nutritional deficiencies
- Can be an important part of antibiotic therapy
- Deficiencies may result in an infection cause by the organism
What are mechanical barriers? - Answer-- A form of protection
- The skin
How does bacteria get in? - Answer-- Adherence
- Toxin production
- Opportunism
- A compromised host
What is bacteraemia? - Answer-Bacteria in the blood.
What is septicaemia? - Answer-This is when toxins are produced in the blood.
What is adherence? - Answer-- Stick to the host
- Ligands allow the bacteria to bind to specific receptors on the host cell surface.
What is phagocytosis? - Answer-White blood cells, monocytes and fixed macrophages
in the tissue engulf and destroy bacteria.
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is transmissibility? - Answer-The transfer of the microorganism to the host. This
occurs through:
- Inhalation
- Ingestion
- Break in protective barrier
- Direct deposit
What does the microorganism require to produce a disease? - Answer-- Transmissibility
- Pathogenicity
What is active immunization? - Answer-The stimulation of the body's immune
mechanisms through the administration of a vaccine.
What are the main strategies of active immunization? - Answer-- Live attenuated
vaccines
- Killed vaccines
- Recombinant vaccines
- Absorbed vaccines
- Conjugate vaccines
- Combined Vaccines
- A schedule of immunizations
What are combine active-passive immunizations? - Answer-Providing the patients with
immediate protection through passive immunization while also providing long-term
immunization through active immunizations.
How has antibiotic resistance increased? - Answer-- The use and misuse of antibiotics
in agriculture and aquaculture.
- The use and misuse of antibiotics in the human population.
- The passing of antibiotic resistance bacteria to offspring.
What is intrinsic resistance? - Answer-This is a predictable form of resistance based on
the mechanisms of the antibiotic and characteristics of the microorganism.
What is acquired resistance? - Answer-A previously susceptible organism becoming
resistant to an antibiotic. This can occur through:
- Alteration in the drug target
, - Production of inactivating enzymes
- Decreased antibiotic uptake
What is the basic structure of a virus? - Answer-They consist of:
- Nucleic acid
- Sometimes a capsid (protein shell)
What is the basic structure of bacteria? - Answer-They are prokaryotes.
They consist of:
- Rigid cell wall
- Cytoplasm
- Genetic material organized into a circular chromosome
What is the basic structure of eukaryotes? - Answer-The genetic material is organized
into a nucleus.
What is meant by the term 'resident flora'? - Answer-Flora that occupy an area of the
body that is suitable for them. These flora tend to colonize and remain for a long time.
What is meant by the term 'transient flora'? - Answer-Flora that is found in a specific
place as a result of the displacement of resident flora, injury or trauma. They only
survive for a short period of time.
Why are normal flora important? - Answer-- Protect from infection
- Work with metabolism, could result in nutritional deficiencies
- Can be an important part of antibiotic therapy
- Deficiencies may result in an infection cause by the organism
What are mechanical barriers? - Answer-- A form of protection
- The skin
How does bacteria get in? - Answer-- Adherence
- Toxin production
- Opportunism
- A compromised host
What is bacteraemia? - Answer-Bacteria in the blood.
What is septicaemia? - Answer-This is when toxins are produced in the blood.
What is adherence? - Answer-- Stick to the host
- Ligands allow the bacteria to bind to specific receptors on the host cell surface.
What is phagocytosis? - Answer-White blood cells, monocytes and fixed macrophages
in the tissue engulf and destroy bacteria.
