1|Page
FRESENIUS RN EXAM LATEST 2026 ACTUAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR VERIFIED||
||BRANDNEW!!!||
What is chloramine and how is it different from chlorine? -
ANSWER-Some water treatment facilities use a combination of
chlorine and chloramine to treat water. Chloramine is a
combination of bleach and ammonia, whereas chlorine is bleach
alone.
What is the diasafe filter? - ANSWER-It is found on the back of
the hemodialysis machine and allows for the delivery of ultrapure
dialysate.
What factors impact the rate of diffusion? - ANSWER-
Concentration gradient
Temperature
Molecular weight of solutes
Nature of the solution
Membrane permeability
Surface area
,2|Page
Flow geometry convection
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? - ANSWER-
Diffusion is decreased. Clotted fibers cause the permeability of
the fiber to be reduced or eliminated, causing a decrease in
treatment adequacy. As a result, diffusion does not occur as
particles cannot diffuse across the membrane.
At what point during the hemodialysis treatment will diffusion
cease to occur? - ANSWER-Diffusion will continue throughout the
dialysis treatment until the concentration gradient of each
electrolyte found in the patient's blood is equal to the electrolyte
concentration in the dialysate.
What is the largest factor that impacts ultrafiltration? - ANSWER-
Pressure.
What happens when the dialysate flow is turned off during the
treatment? - ANSWER-The patient's blood is not cleaned and
adequacy will decrease.
,3|Page
What are the compartments of the dialyzer and what separates
them? - ANSWER-There are two compartments, the blood and
dialysate compartment. The two are separated by a
semipermeable membrane.
What is a semi-permeable membrane? - ANSWER-A membrane
made from protein, with small pores or holes. Only certain
molecules can fit through.
What is countercurrent flow? - ANSWER-Blood and dialysate flow
in opposite directions-called countercurrent flow, which means as
blood flows down into the dialyzer (arterial to venous), dialysate
flows up (venous to arterial)
What are 3 types of solutions? - ANSWER-Hypotonic - containing
less particles
Isotonic - containing equal particles
Hypertonic - containing more particles
pH scale - ANSWER-Less than 7 = acidic
, 4|Page
Greater than 7 = alkaline
Equal to 7 = acid and base ions are equal
Normal blood pH - ANSWER-7.35-7.45
What is bicarbonate? - ANSWER-(HCO3) is a buffer that helps to
maintain a constant pH in a solution even if an acid or base is
added.
What is conductivity? - ANSWER-The ability of a solution to
transmit or conduct an electrical current. In dialysis, it is used to
calculate the electrolyte concentration in the final dialysate.
What is the safe conductivity from the theoretical conductivity
reading from the machine? - ANSWER-+ or - 0.5
What is dialysate? - ANSWER-A non-sterile solution and its
function is to remove waste products from the blood and balance
electrolytes.
FRESENIUS RN EXAM LATEST 2026 ACTUAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR VERIFIED||
||BRANDNEW!!!||
What is chloramine and how is it different from chlorine? -
ANSWER-Some water treatment facilities use a combination of
chlorine and chloramine to treat water. Chloramine is a
combination of bleach and ammonia, whereas chlorine is bleach
alone.
What is the diasafe filter? - ANSWER-It is found on the back of
the hemodialysis machine and allows for the delivery of ultrapure
dialysate.
What factors impact the rate of diffusion? - ANSWER-
Concentration gradient
Temperature
Molecular weight of solutes
Nature of the solution
Membrane permeability
Surface area
,2|Page
Flow geometry convection
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? - ANSWER-
Diffusion is decreased. Clotted fibers cause the permeability of
the fiber to be reduced or eliminated, causing a decrease in
treatment adequacy. As a result, diffusion does not occur as
particles cannot diffuse across the membrane.
At what point during the hemodialysis treatment will diffusion
cease to occur? - ANSWER-Diffusion will continue throughout the
dialysis treatment until the concentration gradient of each
electrolyte found in the patient's blood is equal to the electrolyte
concentration in the dialysate.
What is the largest factor that impacts ultrafiltration? - ANSWER-
Pressure.
What happens when the dialysate flow is turned off during the
treatment? - ANSWER-The patient's blood is not cleaned and
adequacy will decrease.
,3|Page
What are the compartments of the dialyzer and what separates
them? - ANSWER-There are two compartments, the blood and
dialysate compartment. The two are separated by a
semipermeable membrane.
What is a semi-permeable membrane? - ANSWER-A membrane
made from protein, with small pores or holes. Only certain
molecules can fit through.
What is countercurrent flow? - ANSWER-Blood and dialysate flow
in opposite directions-called countercurrent flow, which means as
blood flows down into the dialyzer (arterial to venous), dialysate
flows up (venous to arterial)
What are 3 types of solutions? - ANSWER-Hypotonic - containing
less particles
Isotonic - containing equal particles
Hypertonic - containing more particles
pH scale - ANSWER-Less than 7 = acidic
, 4|Page
Greater than 7 = alkaline
Equal to 7 = acid and base ions are equal
Normal blood pH - ANSWER-7.35-7.45
What is bicarbonate? - ANSWER-(HCO3) is a buffer that helps to
maintain a constant pH in a solution even if an acid or base is
added.
What is conductivity? - ANSWER-The ability of a solution to
transmit or conduct an electrical current. In dialysis, it is used to
calculate the electrolyte concentration in the final dialysate.
What is the safe conductivity from the theoretical conductivity
reading from the machine? - ANSWER-+ or - 0.5
What is dialysate? - ANSWER-A non-sterile solution and its
function is to remove waste products from the blood and balance
electrolytes.
