,RESEARCH METHODS
DR. O.R. KRISHNASWAMI
Visiting Professor, Department of Management Studies,
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
Dr. B.G. SATVAPRASAD
M.Com., MBA, Ph.D.
Professor and Head, Department of
Commerce and Management
Abbas Khan College for Women
OTC Road, Bangalore.
K~)I
GHimalaya CPublishing GJIouse
MUMBAI. DELHI. NAGPUR. BAN GALORE ·HYDERABAD ·CHENNAI· PUNE ·LUCKNOW
, © Himalaya Publishing House,
No part of this book shall be reproduced, reprinted or translated for any
purpose whatsoever without prior permission of the Publisher in writing .
Edition: 2010
Published by Mrs. Meena Pandey
HIMALAYA PUBLISHING HOUSE PVT. LTD.,
"Ramdoot", Dr. Bhalerao Marg, Girgaon, Mumbai - 400 004.
Phones: 238601 70123863863, Fax: 022 - 238771 78
E-mail: him)
Website: www.him)lub.com
Branch Offices
Delhi "Pooja Apartments", 4-8. Murari Lal Street, Ansari Raod, Daryaganj,
New Delhi - 110002. Phone: 23270392 Fax: 011 - 2325 6286.
Nagpur Kundanlal Chandak Industrial Estate, Ghat Road, Nagpur - 440 018.
Phones : 0712-272 12 16 I 2738731 13296733 Fax: 0712-2721215
E-mail:
Bangalore No. 1611, (Old 12/1), First Floor, Next to Hotel Highland,
Madhava Nagar, Race course Road, Bangalore - 560 001.
Phones: 2228 1541,22385461, Fax: 080-222866 11.
E-mail:
Hyderabad No.2-2-1 167/2H, 1st Floor, Near Railway Bridge, Tilak Nagar,
Main Road, Hyderabad - 500 044.
Phone : 5550 17 45, Fax: 040-2756 00 4l.
Chennai No.2 Ramakrishna Street, North Usman Road, T. Nagar,
Chennai - 600 017. Phones: 044-28144004 I 28144005.
Pune Lakshya Apts. First floor, 527, Mehunpur, Shaniwarpeth, Pune - 30
Lucknow C-43, Sector - C, Ali Gunj, Lucknow - 226 024.
Phone: 0522-4047594.
Printed at Geetanjali Press Pvt. Ltd., Ghat Road, Nagpur - 18. Ph. No. 2721216.
, CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1-21
• WHAT IS RESEARCH?
• RESEARCH APPROACHES
• SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH
• CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
(METHODS OF RESEARCH)
• TYPES OF RESEARCH ACCORDING TO INTENT
• TYPES OF RESEARCH ACCORDING TO METHODS OF STUDY
• STEPS IN RESEARCH
• QUESTIONS
• REFERENCES
2. RESEARCH PROBLEM .......................................................... 22-33
• THE PLANNING PROCESS
• SELECTION OF A PROBLEM FOR RESEARCH
• FORMULATION OF THE SELECTED PROBLEM
(DEFINING THE PROBLEM)
• QUESTIONS
• REFERENCES
3. RESEARCH DESIGN ..... ,...............'......................................... 34-49
• CONCEPTS
• RESEARCH DESIGN OR PLAN
• QUESTIONS
• REFERENCES
4. SAMPLING .............................................................................. 50-83
• INTRODUCTION
• SAMPLING TECHNIQUES OR METHODS
• PROBABILITY SAMPLING METHODS
• NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING METHODS
DR. O.R. KRISHNASWAMI
Visiting Professor, Department of Management Studies,
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
Dr. B.G. SATVAPRASAD
M.Com., MBA, Ph.D.
Professor and Head, Department of
Commerce and Management
Abbas Khan College for Women
OTC Road, Bangalore.
K~)I
GHimalaya CPublishing GJIouse
MUMBAI. DELHI. NAGPUR. BAN GALORE ·HYDERABAD ·CHENNAI· PUNE ·LUCKNOW
, © Himalaya Publishing House,
No part of this book shall be reproduced, reprinted or translated for any
purpose whatsoever without prior permission of the Publisher in writing .
Edition: 2010
Published by Mrs. Meena Pandey
HIMALAYA PUBLISHING HOUSE PVT. LTD.,
"Ramdoot", Dr. Bhalerao Marg, Girgaon, Mumbai - 400 004.
Phones: 238601 70123863863, Fax: 022 - 238771 78
E-mail: him)
Website: www.him)lub.com
Branch Offices
Delhi "Pooja Apartments", 4-8. Murari Lal Street, Ansari Raod, Daryaganj,
New Delhi - 110002. Phone: 23270392 Fax: 011 - 2325 6286.
Nagpur Kundanlal Chandak Industrial Estate, Ghat Road, Nagpur - 440 018.
Phones : 0712-272 12 16 I 2738731 13296733 Fax: 0712-2721215
E-mail:
Bangalore No. 1611, (Old 12/1), First Floor, Next to Hotel Highland,
Madhava Nagar, Race course Road, Bangalore - 560 001.
Phones: 2228 1541,22385461, Fax: 080-222866 11.
E-mail:
Hyderabad No.2-2-1 167/2H, 1st Floor, Near Railway Bridge, Tilak Nagar,
Main Road, Hyderabad - 500 044.
Phone : 5550 17 45, Fax: 040-2756 00 4l.
Chennai No.2 Ramakrishna Street, North Usman Road, T. Nagar,
Chennai - 600 017. Phones: 044-28144004 I 28144005.
Pune Lakshya Apts. First floor, 527, Mehunpur, Shaniwarpeth, Pune - 30
Lucknow C-43, Sector - C, Ali Gunj, Lucknow - 226 024.
Phone: 0522-4047594.
Printed at Geetanjali Press Pvt. Ltd., Ghat Road, Nagpur - 18. Ph. No. 2721216.
, CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1-21
• WHAT IS RESEARCH?
• RESEARCH APPROACHES
• SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH
• CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
(METHODS OF RESEARCH)
• TYPES OF RESEARCH ACCORDING TO INTENT
• TYPES OF RESEARCH ACCORDING TO METHODS OF STUDY
• STEPS IN RESEARCH
• QUESTIONS
• REFERENCES
2. RESEARCH PROBLEM .......................................................... 22-33
• THE PLANNING PROCESS
• SELECTION OF A PROBLEM FOR RESEARCH
• FORMULATION OF THE SELECTED PROBLEM
(DEFINING THE PROBLEM)
• QUESTIONS
• REFERENCES
3. RESEARCH DESIGN ..... ,...............'......................................... 34-49
• CONCEPTS
• RESEARCH DESIGN OR PLAN
• QUESTIONS
• REFERENCES
4. SAMPLING .............................................................................. 50-83
• INTRODUCTION
• SAMPLING TECHNIQUES OR METHODS
• PROBABILITY SAMPLING METHODS
• NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING METHODS
