AICM Certified Roadway Safety CRSP Exam
Question 1.Which term describes safety that is achieved by merely meeting design standards,
regardless of actual crash outcomes?
A) Substantive safety
B) Nominal safety
C) Functional safety
D) Predictive safety
Answer: B
Explanation: Nominal safety refers to compliance with prescribed standards without
consideration of real‑world crash performance, whereas substantive safety evaluates expected
crash results.
Question 2.What is the primary goal of the Vision Zero philosophy?
A) Reduce crash frequency by 10% each year
B) Eliminate all traffic fatalities and serious injuries
C) Increase roadway capacity to improve mobility
D) Shift responsibility for crashes to drivers only
Answer: B
Explanation: Vision Zero aims for zero deaths and serious injuries on the road system by
designing out crashes and sharing responsibility among all stakeholders.
Question 3.In the 4Es of road safety, which component focuses on rapid medical response after
a crash?
A) Engineering
B) Education
C) Enforcement
D) Emergency medical services
Answer: D
, AICM Certified Roadway Safety CRSP Exam
Explanation: The “E” for Emergency medical services emphasizes timely post‑crash care to
reduce injury severity.
Question 4.In crash theory, which of the following is NOT one of the three interacting elements?
A) Driver
B) Vehicle
C) Roadway environment
D) Weather forecast
Answer: D
Explanation: The classic crash triangle consists of driver, vehicle, and roadway; weather is an
external condition that influences but is not a core element.
Question 5.What does “crash rate” typically express?
A) Number of crashes per vehicle miles traveled (VMT)
B) Number of crashes per vehicle owned in a fleet
C) Number of crashes per road segment length only
D) Number of crashes per number of drivers licensed
Answer: A
Explanation: Crash rate standardizes crash frequency by exposure, usually expressed per million
VMT.
Question 6.How does “societal risk” differ from “individual risk” in transportation safety
analysis?
A) Societal risk measures only fatal crashes, individual risk includes all crashes.
B) Societal risk aggregates risk across all road users, while individual risk evaluates the
probability of a single user being involved in a crash.
C) Societal risk is calculated per vehicle, individual risk per mile.
, AICM Certified Roadway Safety CRSP Exam
D) There is no difference; they are synonymous.
Answer: B
Explanation: Societal risk looks at the total risk borne by the community, whereas individual risk
focuses on the likelihood for a single traveler.
Question 7.Which screening technique uses a moving window of fixed length along a highway to
identify high‑crash locations?
A) Peak searching
B) Sliding window analysis
C) Cluster analysis
D) Regression‑based hotspotting
Answer: B
Explanation: Sliding window analysis evaluates crash counts within a moving segment (e.g.,
0.5 mi) to locate concentrations.
Question 8.What is the main purpose of a Road Safety Audit (RSA)?
A) To enforce speed limits on a new road
B) To evaluate a roadway’s safety performance by an independent multidisciplinary team before
or after construction
C) To calculate the benefit‑cost ratio of a safety project
D) To train traffic engineers in crash data analysis
Answer: B
Explanation: RSA provides a systematic, independent safety review of a road or intersection,
either during design (pre‑construction) or after it is built (post‑construction).
Question 9.In a collision diagram, a “rear‑end” crash is identified by which pattern?
A) Vehicles traveling in opposite directions colliding at an intersection
, AICM Certified Roadway Safety CRSP Exam
B) One vehicle striking the rear of another traveling in the same direction
C) Two vehicles side‑by‑side impacting each other’s sides
D) A vehicle striking a stationary object on the roadside
Answer: B
Explanation: Rear‑end crashes involve a following vehicle colliding with the rear of a lead vehicle
moving in the same direction.
Question 10.Which resource provides empirically derived Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) for
evaluating treatment effectiveness?
A) Highway Safety Manual (HSM)
B) Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD)
C) CMF Clearinghouse (AASHTO)
D) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) database
Answer: C
Explanation: The AASHTO CMF Clearinghouse compiles CMFs for a wide range of safety
treatments.
Question 11.What analysis compares the monetary benefits of crash reductions to the costs of a
safety project?
A) Cost‑effectiveness analysis (CEA)
B) Benefit‑cost analysis (BCA)
C) Sensitivity analysis
D) Break‑even analysis
Answer: B
Explanation: BCA evaluates whether the economic benefits (e.g., avoided crash costs) exceed
the project expenditures.
Question 1.Which term describes safety that is achieved by merely meeting design standards,
regardless of actual crash outcomes?
A) Substantive safety
B) Nominal safety
C) Functional safety
D) Predictive safety
Answer: B
Explanation: Nominal safety refers to compliance with prescribed standards without
consideration of real‑world crash performance, whereas substantive safety evaluates expected
crash results.
Question 2.What is the primary goal of the Vision Zero philosophy?
A) Reduce crash frequency by 10% each year
B) Eliminate all traffic fatalities and serious injuries
C) Increase roadway capacity to improve mobility
D) Shift responsibility for crashes to drivers only
Answer: B
Explanation: Vision Zero aims for zero deaths and serious injuries on the road system by
designing out crashes and sharing responsibility among all stakeholders.
Question 3.In the 4Es of road safety, which component focuses on rapid medical response after
a crash?
A) Engineering
B) Education
C) Enforcement
D) Emergency medical services
Answer: D
, AICM Certified Roadway Safety CRSP Exam
Explanation: The “E” for Emergency medical services emphasizes timely post‑crash care to
reduce injury severity.
Question 4.In crash theory, which of the following is NOT one of the three interacting elements?
A) Driver
B) Vehicle
C) Roadway environment
D) Weather forecast
Answer: D
Explanation: The classic crash triangle consists of driver, vehicle, and roadway; weather is an
external condition that influences but is not a core element.
Question 5.What does “crash rate” typically express?
A) Number of crashes per vehicle miles traveled (VMT)
B) Number of crashes per vehicle owned in a fleet
C) Number of crashes per road segment length only
D) Number of crashes per number of drivers licensed
Answer: A
Explanation: Crash rate standardizes crash frequency by exposure, usually expressed per million
VMT.
Question 6.How does “societal risk” differ from “individual risk” in transportation safety
analysis?
A) Societal risk measures only fatal crashes, individual risk includes all crashes.
B) Societal risk aggregates risk across all road users, while individual risk evaluates the
probability of a single user being involved in a crash.
C) Societal risk is calculated per vehicle, individual risk per mile.
, AICM Certified Roadway Safety CRSP Exam
D) There is no difference; they are synonymous.
Answer: B
Explanation: Societal risk looks at the total risk borne by the community, whereas individual risk
focuses on the likelihood for a single traveler.
Question 7.Which screening technique uses a moving window of fixed length along a highway to
identify high‑crash locations?
A) Peak searching
B) Sliding window analysis
C) Cluster analysis
D) Regression‑based hotspotting
Answer: B
Explanation: Sliding window analysis evaluates crash counts within a moving segment (e.g.,
0.5 mi) to locate concentrations.
Question 8.What is the main purpose of a Road Safety Audit (RSA)?
A) To enforce speed limits on a new road
B) To evaluate a roadway’s safety performance by an independent multidisciplinary team before
or after construction
C) To calculate the benefit‑cost ratio of a safety project
D) To train traffic engineers in crash data analysis
Answer: B
Explanation: RSA provides a systematic, independent safety review of a road or intersection,
either during design (pre‑construction) or after it is built (post‑construction).
Question 9.In a collision diagram, a “rear‑end” crash is identified by which pattern?
A) Vehicles traveling in opposite directions colliding at an intersection
, AICM Certified Roadway Safety CRSP Exam
B) One vehicle striking the rear of another traveling in the same direction
C) Two vehicles side‑by‑side impacting each other’s sides
D) A vehicle striking a stationary object on the roadside
Answer: B
Explanation: Rear‑end crashes involve a following vehicle colliding with the rear of a lead vehicle
moving in the same direction.
Question 10.Which resource provides empirically derived Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) for
evaluating treatment effectiveness?
A) Highway Safety Manual (HSM)
B) Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD)
C) CMF Clearinghouse (AASHTO)
D) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) database
Answer: C
Explanation: The AASHTO CMF Clearinghouse compiles CMFs for a wide range of safety
treatments.
Question 11.What analysis compares the monetary benefits of crash reductions to the costs of a
safety project?
A) Cost‑effectiveness analysis (CEA)
B) Benefit‑cost analysis (BCA)
C) Sensitivity analysis
D) Break‑even analysis
Answer: B
Explanation: BCA evaluates whether the economic benefits (e.g., avoided crash costs) exceed
the project expenditures.
