,Solution Manual v t
Fundamentals of Environmental Samplin vt vt vt
gandAnalysis
vt v
t
Second Edition
vt
Chunlong Zhang vt
University of Houston-
vt vt
Clear Lake Texas,USA
vt vt vt
,This edition first published 2024
vt vt vt vt
© 2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
vt vt vt vt vt vt
Edition History vt
First edition © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining and training of artificial technologies or similar tec
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
hnologies. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any for
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
m or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Ad
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
vice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/ permi
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
ssions.
The right of Chunlong Zhang to be identified as the author of this editorial material in this work has been assert
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
ed in accordance with law.
vt vt vt vt
Registered Office vt
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
www.wiley.com.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print-on-
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
Trademarks: Wiley and the Wiley logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
or its affiliates in the United States and other countries and may not be used without written permission. All oth
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
er trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any prod
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
uct or vendor mentioned in this book.
vt vt vt vt vt vt
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty
vt vt vt vt
In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt v
tof information relating to the use of experimental reagents, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each chemical, piece of equipment, reagent,
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt v t
or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no repre
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
sentations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disc
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt v t
laim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular pur
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt v t
pose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional stateme
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt v t
nts for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/ or pote
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
ntial source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understan
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt v t
ding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt v t vt
may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers shoul
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt v t
d be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt v t vt
when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damag
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt v t
es, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
vt vt vt vt
Names: Zhang, Chunlong, 1964- author. | John Wiley & Sons, publisher.
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
Title: Fundamentals of environmental sampling and analysis / Chunlong Zhang.
v t v t v t v t v t v t v t v t v t
Description: Second edition. | Hoboken, NJ : JW- vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
Wiley, 2024. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2023057815 (print) | Set ISBN 9781
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
394244621 | ISBN 9781394241651 (epdf) | vt vt vt vt vt
ISBN 9781394241668 (epub) | ISBN 9781394241644 (SM)
vt vt vt vt vt vt
Subjects: LCSH: Environmental sampling. | Environmental sciences--
vt vt vt vt vt vt
Statistical methods. Classification: LCC GE45.S75 Z43 2024 (print) | LCC GE45.S75 (ebook) | DDC 628
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
--dc23/eng/20240131 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023057815 vt vt vt vt vt
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023057816
vt vt vt vt vt
Cover Design: Wiley vt vt
Cover Image: © Iana Kunitsa/Getty Images
vt vt vt vt vt
Set in 9.5/12.5pt STIXTwoText by Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
, Contents
Chapter 1 Questions
vt vt 1
Problems 5
Chapter 2 Questions
vt vt 6
Problems 12
Chapter 3 Questions
vt vt 17
Problems 19
Chapter 4 Questions
vt vt 33
Problems 39
Chapter 5 Questions
vt vt 49
Problems 53
Chapter 6 Questions
vt vt 56
Problems 63
Chapter 7 Questions
vt vt 67
Problems 74
Chapter 8 Questions
vt vt 79
Problems 87
Chapter 9 Questions
vt vt 90
Problems 96
Chapter 10 Questions
vt vt 100
Problems 108
Chapter 11 Questions
vt vt 110
Problems 121
Chapter 12 Questions
vt vt 124
Problems 131
Chapter 13 Questions
vt vt 133
Problems 145
Chapter 14 Questions
vt vt 147
Problems 160
Fundamentals of Environmental Samplin vt vt vt
gandAnalysis
vt v
t
Second Edition
vt
Chunlong Zhang vt
University of Houston-
vt vt
Clear Lake Texas,USA
vt vt vt
,This edition first published 2024
vt vt vt vt
© 2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
vt vt vt vt vt vt
Edition History vt
First edition © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining and training of artificial technologies or similar tec
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
hnologies. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any for
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
m or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Ad
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
vice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/ permi
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
ssions.
The right of Chunlong Zhang to be identified as the author of this editorial material in this work has been assert
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
ed in accordance with law.
vt vt vt vt
Registered Office vt
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
www.wiley.com.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print-on-
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
Trademarks: Wiley and the Wiley logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
or its affiliates in the United States and other countries and may not be used without written permission. All oth
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
er trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any prod
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
uct or vendor mentioned in this book.
vt vt vt vt vt vt
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty
vt vt vt vt
In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt v
tof information relating to the use of experimental reagents, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each chemical, piece of equipment, reagent,
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt v t
or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no repre
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
sentations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disc
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt v t
laim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular pur
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt v t
pose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional stateme
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt v t
nts for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/ or pote
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
ntial source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understan
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt v t
ding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt v t vt
may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers shoul
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt v t
d be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt v t vt
when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damag
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt v t
es, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
vt vt vt vt
Names: Zhang, Chunlong, 1964- author. | John Wiley & Sons, publisher.
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
Title: Fundamentals of environmental sampling and analysis / Chunlong Zhang.
v t v t v t v t v t v t v t v t v t
Description: Second edition. | Hoboken, NJ : JW- vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
Wiley, 2024. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2023057815 (print) | Set ISBN 9781
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
394244621 | ISBN 9781394241651 (epdf) | vt vt vt vt vt
ISBN 9781394241668 (epub) | ISBN 9781394241644 (SM)
vt vt vt vt vt vt
Subjects: LCSH: Environmental sampling. | Environmental sciences--
vt vt vt vt vt vt
Statistical methods. Classification: LCC GE45.S75 Z43 2024 (print) | LCC GE45.S75 (ebook) | DDC 628
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
--dc23/eng/20240131 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023057815 vt vt vt vt vt
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023057816
vt vt vt vt vt
Cover Design: Wiley vt vt
Cover Image: © Iana Kunitsa/Getty Images
vt vt vt vt vt
Set in 9.5/12.5pt STIXTwoText by Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India
vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
, Contents
Chapter 1 Questions
vt vt 1
Problems 5
Chapter 2 Questions
vt vt 6
Problems 12
Chapter 3 Questions
vt vt 17
Problems 19
Chapter 4 Questions
vt vt 33
Problems 39
Chapter 5 Questions
vt vt 49
Problems 53
Chapter 6 Questions
vt vt 56
Problems 63
Chapter 7 Questions
vt vt 67
Problems 74
Chapter 8 Questions
vt vt 79
Problems 87
Chapter 9 Questions
vt vt 90
Problems 96
Chapter 10 Questions
vt vt 100
Problems 108
Chapter 11 Questions
vt vt 110
Problems 121
Chapter 12 Questions
vt vt 124
Problems 131
Chapter 13 Questions
vt vt 133
Problems 145
Chapter 14 Questions
vt vt 147
Problems 160