PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM #5- HORENI/HARPER COLLEGE |120
COMPLETE AND GRADED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026 LATEST
UPDATED | 100% GRADED CORRECT | 100% GUARANTEED TO PASS |
GET A+
What diagnostic tests are used to diagnose musculoskeletal disorders? - (answer)X-ray (density
texture and erosion), CT scan (rule out tumor), MRI, Arthrography (iodine injected into joints to
determine leakage), Bone density (determines density of bone and risk for fracture), Bone scan,
Arthroscopy (direct the solicitation of bone), Arthrocentesis (joint aspiration), EMG
(electromyelogram nerve muscle)
What is a pathologic fracture? - (answer)A fracture caused by complications from a disease, such
as osteoporosis or bone cancer
What is compartment syndrome? - (answer)A complication from a fracture, Decreased perfusion
to muscle tissue from construction by a cast or dressing, Decreased perfusion from edema or
hemorrhage and the injury site, Increased pressure causes the increase in circularization, nerve
damage and muscle atrophy. If > 6 hrs loss of function
Assessment of Compartment Syndrome - (answer)Monitor circulation to extremity and check
pulse, Motion: ask the client to move the fingers or extremity, Sensation: identify paresthesia or
,numbness, Correct by elevating to reduce edema, releasing cast or dressing, or by surgical
intervention, 6 P's: paresthesia, pallor, pain, pressure, paralysis and pulselessness
What is Osteoporosis? - (answer)A common bone disease in which bones become thinner and
more porous, affects both men and women and occurs when the body fails to form new bone,
The minerals phosphate and calcium to build bones is not sufficient or the body does not absorb
enough of the minerals from the diet, Bone production and bone tissue diminish resulting in
brittle and fragile bones, The underlying mechanism in all cases of osteoporosis is an imbalance
between bone resorption and bone formation.
What are the causes and risk factors of osteoporosis? - (answer)Older age (starting in the mid-
30s but accelerating after 50), Non-Hispanic white and Asian ethnic background, Small bone
structure, Family history, Sex hormone deficiency (particularly estrogen deficiency), both in
women (e.g. menopause) and men, Cigarette smoking, Alcohol abuse, Low dietary intake or
absorption of calcium and vitamin D, Sedentary lifestyle or immobility, glucocorticoid
medications such as prednisone
What are the symptoms of Osteoporosis? - (answer)Fractures of the vertebrae, wrists or hips,
Low back pain, Neck pain, Bone pain or tenderness, Loss of height over time, Stooped posture
, What diagnostic tests would you perform when diagnosing osteoporosis? - (answer)Bone
mineral density (BMD) at different parts of the body, such as spine and hip. Dual energy x-ray
absorptiometry (DEXA) is the best current test to measure BMD. The test is quick and painless;
it is similar to having an x-ray taken, but uses much less radiation
What are the treatments for osteoporosis? - (answer)Make sure there is enough calcium in your
diet, Get adequate vitamin D intake, which is important for calcium absorption and to maintain
muscle strength, Get regular exercise, especially weight bearing exercise
What is osteomyelitis? - (answer)Infection of bone by vascular ulcer, bone surgery, blood borne
from other sites; Staph aureus 70-80%; Sudden onset, client has fever, chills, pain, swelling
Assessment of osteomyelitis - (answer)Physical exam and area swollen red warm to touch; X-ray
shows soft tissue swelling; Bone scan shows increased uptake; Blood cultures positive increased
WBC; Wound culture positive; Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); Complete blood cell count
(CBC) w/differential; C-reactive protein (CRP); Radiography, magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI); Bone biopsy and culture
What treatments would be used for osteomyelitis? - (answer)Antibiotic therapy, Surgical
intervention: Debriment and topical antibiotics
COMPLETE AND GRADED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026 LATEST
UPDATED | 100% GRADED CORRECT | 100% GUARANTEED TO PASS |
GET A+
What diagnostic tests are used to diagnose musculoskeletal disorders? - (answer)X-ray (density
texture and erosion), CT scan (rule out tumor), MRI, Arthrography (iodine injected into joints to
determine leakage), Bone density (determines density of bone and risk for fracture), Bone scan,
Arthroscopy (direct the solicitation of bone), Arthrocentesis (joint aspiration), EMG
(electromyelogram nerve muscle)
What is a pathologic fracture? - (answer)A fracture caused by complications from a disease, such
as osteoporosis or bone cancer
What is compartment syndrome? - (answer)A complication from a fracture, Decreased perfusion
to muscle tissue from construction by a cast or dressing, Decreased perfusion from edema or
hemorrhage and the injury site, Increased pressure causes the increase in circularization, nerve
damage and muscle atrophy. If > 6 hrs loss of function
Assessment of Compartment Syndrome - (answer)Monitor circulation to extremity and check
pulse, Motion: ask the client to move the fingers or extremity, Sensation: identify paresthesia or
,numbness, Correct by elevating to reduce edema, releasing cast or dressing, or by surgical
intervention, 6 P's: paresthesia, pallor, pain, pressure, paralysis and pulselessness
What is Osteoporosis? - (answer)A common bone disease in which bones become thinner and
more porous, affects both men and women and occurs when the body fails to form new bone,
The minerals phosphate and calcium to build bones is not sufficient or the body does not absorb
enough of the minerals from the diet, Bone production and bone tissue diminish resulting in
brittle and fragile bones, The underlying mechanism in all cases of osteoporosis is an imbalance
between bone resorption and bone formation.
What are the causes and risk factors of osteoporosis? - (answer)Older age (starting in the mid-
30s but accelerating after 50), Non-Hispanic white and Asian ethnic background, Small bone
structure, Family history, Sex hormone deficiency (particularly estrogen deficiency), both in
women (e.g. menopause) and men, Cigarette smoking, Alcohol abuse, Low dietary intake or
absorption of calcium and vitamin D, Sedentary lifestyle or immobility, glucocorticoid
medications such as prednisone
What are the symptoms of Osteoporosis? - (answer)Fractures of the vertebrae, wrists or hips,
Low back pain, Neck pain, Bone pain or tenderness, Loss of height over time, Stooped posture
, What diagnostic tests would you perform when diagnosing osteoporosis? - (answer)Bone
mineral density (BMD) at different parts of the body, such as spine and hip. Dual energy x-ray
absorptiometry (DEXA) is the best current test to measure BMD. The test is quick and painless;
it is similar to having an x-ray taken, but uses much less radiation
What are the treatments for osteoporosis? - (answer)Make sure there is enough calcium in your
diet, Get adequate vitamin D intake, which is important for calcium absorption and to maintain
muscle strength, Get regular exercise, especially weight bearing exercise
What is osteomyelitis? - (answer)Infection of bone by vascular ulcer, bone surgery, blood borne
from other sites; Staph aureus 70-80%; Sudden onset, client has fever, chills, pain, swelling
Assessment of osteomyelitis - (answer)Physical exam and area swollen red warm to touch; X-ray
shows soft tissue swelling; Bone scan shows increased uptake; Blood cultures positive increased
WBC; Wound culture positive; Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); Complete blood cell count
(CBC) w/differential; C-reactive protein (CRP); Radiography, magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI); Bone biopsy and culture
What treatments would be used for osteomyelitis? - (answer)Antibiotic therapy, Surgical
intervention: Debriment and topical antibiotics
