AORN Periop 101 Final Exam
Questions and Answers51
Indemnity Payment - ANSWERS-Payment made on behalf of the policy holder
Liability - ANSWERS-A legal responsibility
Negligence - ANSWERS-An act or failure to act that deviates from the standard of care
Nursing Malpractice - ANSWERS-A nurse's negligence or any intentional act that causes physical,
financial, emotional, psychosocial, and/or cognitive damage to the person in the nurse's care
Respondeat Superior - ANSWERS-An employer is legally responsible for the nurse employee
only when:
o The nurse acts within the scope of practice
o Any allegations brought against the nurse occurred during the nurse's employment
o The nurse's actions were within the employer's best interests.
Tort - ANSWERS-A breach of duty to another person as outlined by law
What are the four elements of malpractice? - ANSWERS-• Duty
• Breach of duty
• The breach of duty caused an injury
• The injury was harmful to the patient
,Elements of Informed Consent - ANSWERS-• Must be obtained by the licensed professional who
is performing the procedure
• The patient must give consent voluntarily with the full understanding of all implications
• Must include
o Diagnosis
o Proposed treatment
o Treatment alternatives
o Consequences of accepting or declining the proposed treatment
Five Rights of Delegation - ANSWERS-Right task
Right circumstance
Right person
Right communication and direction
Right supervision and evaluation
Four types of patient privacy health care providers and personnel have an ethical and legal
responsibility to always maintain - ANSWERS-• Medical information
• Physical exposure
• Personal privacy
• Electronic privacy
Eight factors to consider before determining what anesthetic to use for a particular patient -
ANSWERS-• Patient's age
• Length & type of surgery
• Patient & surgeon preferences
• Patient's co-existing diseases
• Patient's mental & psychological status
,• Patient's previous experiences with anesthesia
• Plans & protocols for postoperative pain management
• Position of the patient during surgery
The American Society of Anesthesiologist's NPO Guidelines - ANSWERS-• Clear liquids - stop 2
hours before surgery
• Breast milk - stop 4 hours before surgery
• Infant formula - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Light meal (toast & a clear liquid) - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Fried foods, fatty foods, meat - stop 8 hours before surgery
Circulator RN duties during Induction of anesthesia and assisting anesthesia professional with
Cricoid Pressure - ANSWERS-• Cricoid pressure application is not released until the endotracheal
(ET) tube cuff is inflated, tube placement is confirmed, and anesthesia provider has given a
verbal confirmation to the nurse that the cricoid pressure can be released.
• If intubation or ventilation of the patient becomes difficult, the perioperative nurse should
retrieve additional airway equipment and supplies.
General anesthesia - ANSWERS-• A drug-induced reversible state of unconsciousness
• Results in amnesia, analgesia, and loss of responsiveness, decreased stress response, and loss
of skeletal muscle reflexes to a varying degree
Regional anesthesia - ANSWERS-• An injection of local anesthetics near nerve fibers that causes
reversible loss of sensation over an area of the body
• Examples include spinal, epidural, and peripheral nerve blocks.
Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) - ANSWERS-An anesthesia provider monitors the patient,
administers sedatives and other agents as needed, and provides medical services as required.
, Moderate sedation - ANSWERS-• The administration of sedative, analgesic, and/or anxiolytic
agents by a physician or by a nurse under physician supervision
• Depending on state laws and hospital policies, an RN may administer moderate sedation.
Local anesthesia - ANSWERS-• The infiltration or topical administration of agents to anesthetize
a part of the body
• The perioperative nurse provides patient monitoring and supportive care.
Phases of general anesthesia - ANSWERS-• Phase I: Induction
o IV medications and inhalational agents are administered by the anesthesia provider.
• Phase II: Maintenance
o Medications and inhalational agents are administered to keep the patient anesthetized.
• Phase III: Emergence o At the end of the procedure, the anesthetic agents are discontinued or
reversed to allow the patient to wake up.
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Muscle relaxants: - ANSWERS-1. neostigmine
2. edrophonium.
Note: There is no reversal agent for succinylcholine
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Sugammadex: - ANSWERS-reversal agent for rocuronium,
vecuronium, and pancuronium
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Benzodiazepines: Midazolam - ANSWERS-Flumazenil
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Narcotics: Fentanyl: - ANSWERS-Naloxone
Questions and Answers51
Indemnity Payment - ANSWERS-Payment made on behalf of the policy holder
Liability - ANSWERS-A legal responsibility
Negligence - ANSWERS-An act or failure to act that deviates from the standard of care
Nursing Malpractice - ANSWERS-A nurse's negligence or any intentional act that causes physical,
financial, emotional, psychosocial, and/or cognitive damage to the person in the nurse's care
Respondeat Superior - ANSWERS-An employer is legally responsible for the nurse employee
only when:
o The nurse acts within the scope of practice
o Any allegations brought against the nurse occurred during the nurse's employment
o The nurse's actions were within the employer's best interests.
Tort - ANSWERS-A breach of duty to another person as outlined by law
What are the four elements of malpractice? - ANSWERS-• Duty
• Breach of duty
• The breach of duty caused an injury
• The injury was harmful to the patient
,Elements of Informed Consent - ANSWERS-• Must be obtained by the licensed professional who
is performing the procedure
• The patient must give consent voluntarily with the full understanding of all implications
• Must include
o Diagnosis
o Proposed treatment
o Treatment alternatives
o Consequences of accepting or declining the proposed treatment
Five Rights of Delegation - ANSWERS-Right task
Right circumstance
Right person
Right communication and direction
Right supervision and evaluation
Four types of patient privacy health care providers and personnel have an ethical and legal
responsibility to always maintain - ANSWERS-• Medical information
• Physical exposure
• Personal privacy
• Electronic privacy
Eight factors to consider before determining what anesthetic to use for a particular patient -
ANSWERS-• Patient's age
• Length & type of surgery
• Patient & surgeon preferences
• Patient's co-existing diseases
• Patient's mental & psychological status
,• Patient's previous experiences with anesthesia
• Plans & protocols for postoperative pain management
• Position of the patient during surgery
The American Society of Anesthesiologist's NPO Guidelines - ANSWERS-• Clear liquids - stop 2
hours before surgery
• Breast milk - stop 4 hours before surgery
• Infant formula - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Light meal (toast & a clear liquid) - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Fried foods, fatty foods, meat - stop 8 hours before surgery
Circulator RN duties during Induction of anesthesia and assisting anesthesia professional with
Cricoid Pressure - ANSWERS-• Cricoid pressure application is not released until the endotracheal
(ET) tube cuff is inflated, tube placement is confirmed, and anesthesia provider has given a
verbal confirmation to the nurse that the cricoid pressure can be released.
• If intubation or ventilation of the patient becomes difficult, the perioperative nurse should
retrieve additional airway equipment and supplies.
General anesthesia - ANSWERS-• A drug-induced reversible state of unconsciousness
• Results in amnesia, analgesia, and loss of responsiveness, decreased stress response, and loss
of skeletal muscle reflexes to a varying degree
Regional anesthesia - ANSWERS-• An injection of local anesthetics near nerve fibers that causes
reversible loss of sensation over an area of the body
• Examples include spinal, epidural, and peripheral nerve blocks.
Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) - ANSWERS-An anesthesia provider monitors the patient,
administers sedatives and other agents as needed, and provides medical services as required.
, Moderate sedation - ANSWERS-• The administration of sedative, analgesic, and/or anxiolytic
agents by a physician or by a nurse under physician supervision
• Depending on state laws and hospital policies, an RN may administer moderate sedation.
Local anesthesia - ANSWERS-• The infiltration or topical administration of agents to anesthetize
a part of the body
• The perioperative nurse provides patient monitoring and supportive care.
Phases of general anesthesia - ANSWERS-• Phase I: Induction
o IV medications and inhalational agents are administered by the anesthesia provider.
• Phase II: Maintenance
o Medications and inhalational agents are administered to keep the patient anesthetized.
• Phase III: Emergence o At the end of the procedure, the anesthetic agents are discontinued or
reversed to allow the patient to wake up.
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Muscle relaxants: - ANSWERS-1. neostigmine
2. edrophonium.
Note: There is no reversal agent for succinylcholine
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Sugammadex: - ANSWERS-reversal agent for rocuronium,
vecuronium, and pancuronium
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Benzodiazepines: Midazolam - ANSWERS-Flumazenil
Anesthesia Reversal agents: Narcotics: Fentanyl: - ANSWERS-Naloxone
