A&P ll Portage Learning Alternate
Final Exam Questions with Correct
Answers
Fill in the Blanks: The ____________ are the receiving end of a neuron, while the
____________ conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body. -
ANSWERSDendrites; axon
Match the following neurotransmitters with the correct description. -
ANSWERSDopamine: Regulates emotional responses and muscles tone.
Norepinephrine: Produced by the adrenal glands.
Acetylcholine: Found at the neuromuscular junctions.
True or False: If false, explain why the statement is false. The peripheral nervous
system consists of the brain and spinal cord. - ANSWERSThis statement is false. The
central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous
system includes all nerves that are not located in the brain or spinal cord.
Match the following lobes of the brain with the correct function. - ANSWERSTemporal:
Contains sensory areas for hearing and smelling.
Frontal: Controls higher level executive functions.
Parietal: Receives sensory information from body receptors.
Occipital: Interprets visual input.
Which of the following structures of the spinal cord contains the cell bodies of afferent
neurons? - ANSWERSDorsal root ganglion
Describe the function of the sympathetic nervous system when a threat is present. -
ANSWERSThe sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is often referred to as the "fight or
flight" system. When in immediate danger, muscles require a steady, increased supply
of glucose and oxygen for muscular contraction. The SNS accelerates the heartbeat,
dilates the bronchi, and increases the respiratory rate. This supplies the increased need
for oxygen throughout the body. The SNS also causes the liver to deliver more glucose
for the body's increased metabolic needs. Sympathetic activation inhibits the digestive
tract because digestion is not an immediate necessity when in danger or under attack.
, True or False: if false, explain why the statement is false. Visual information from the left
side will eventually be interpreted by the left side of the brain. - ANSWERSThis
statement is false. Sensory information gathered from the left side of the body will
eventually be interpreted in the right side of the brain.
Explain the main steps in the process of hearing.. - ANSWERSFirst, sound waves are
funneled into the external auditory canal, causing the eardrum to vibrate. The vibrations
transmit to the ossicles, which push against the fluid inside the cochlear duct. As the
fluid within the cochlear duct receives vibrations, the tectorial membrane moves and
bends the attached stereocilia. The mechanical movement of the stereocilia stimulates
the neurons to send impulses through the cochlear nerve to the primary auditory cortex
of the temporal lobe.
True or False: If false, explain why the statement is false. The following is the order of
the flow of information through the olfactory system.
Olfactory receptors > olfactory nerves > olfactory bulbs > olfactory tracts > temporal
lobes - ANSWERSThis statement is true.
Fill in the Blanks: The two upper receiving chambers of the heart are called the
____________, while the two lower pumping chambers are called the ____________. -
ANSWERSAtria; ventricles
Which vessels are constricted and dilated by muscles controlled by the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system? - ANSWERSArterioles.
True or False: If false, explain why the statement is false. Hydrostatic pressure is the
net pressure in the blood that moves fluid from the tissues into the circulatory system. -
ANSWERSThis statement is false. Osmotic pressure is the net pressure in the blood
that moves fluid from the tissues into the circulatory system. Hydrostatic pressure
pushes fluid into the tissues by the pressure of blood pumping through the heart.
Which type of blood pressure results from blood being forced into the arteries during
ventricular contraction? - ANSWERSSystolic pressure.
Which of the following conditions involves a backup of fluid in the body? -
ANSWERSPeripheral edema.
True or False: If false, explain why the statement is false. The lymphatic system
includes the lymph nodes, tonsils, pancreas, spleen, and thymus. - ANSWERSThis
statement is false. The lymphatic system does not include the pancreas.
Fill in the Blanks: The ____________ immune system is a generalized defense system
that rapidly destroys a large number of pathogens, while the ___________ immune
system is targeted against pathogens and takes several days to activate. -
ANSWERSNonspecific (innate); specific (adaptive)
Final Exam Questions with Correct
Answers
Fill in the Blanks: The ____________ are the receiving end of a neuron, while the
____________ conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body. -
ANSWERSDendrites; axon
Match the following neurotransmitters with the correct description. -
ANSWERSDopamine: Regulates emotional responses and muscles tone.
Norepinephrine: Produced by the adrenal glands.
Acetylcholine: Found at the neuromuscular junctions.
True or False: If false, explain why the statement is false. The peripheral nervous
system consists of the brain and spinal cord. - ANSWERSThis statement is false. The
central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous
system includes all nerves that are not located in the brain or spinal cord.
Match the following lobes of the brain with the correct function. - ANSWERSTemporal:
Contains sensory areas for hearing and smelling.
Frontal: Controls higher level executive functions.
Parietal: Receives sensory information from body receptors.
Occipital: Interprets visual input.
Which of the following structures of the spinal cord contains the cell bodies of afferent
neurons? - ANSWERSDorsal root ganglion
Describe the function of the sympathetic nervous system when a threat is present. -
ANSWERSThe sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is often referred to as the "fight or
flight" system. When in immediate danger, muscles require a steady, increased supply
of glucose and oxygen for muscular contraction. The SNS accelerates the heartbeat,
dilates the bronchi, and increases the respiratory rate. This supplies the increased need
for oxygen throughout the body. The SNS also causes the liver to deliver more glucose
for the body's increased metabolic needs. Sympathetic activation inhibits the digestive
tract because digestion is not an immediate necessity when in danger or under attack.
, True or False: if false, explain why the statement is false. Visual information from the left
side will eventually be interpreted by the left side of the brain. - ANSWERSThis
statement is false. Sensory information gathered from the left side of the body will
eventually be interpreted in the right side of the brain.
Explain the main steps in the process of hearing.. - ANSWERSFirst, sound waves are
funneled into the external auditory canal, causing the eardrum to vibrate. The vibrations
transmit to the ossicles, which push against the fluid inside the cochlear duct. As the
fluid within the cochlear duct receives vibrations, the tectorial membrane moves and
bends the attached stereocilia. The mechanical movement of the stereocilia stimulates
the neurons to send impulses through the cochlear nerve to the primary auditory cortex
of the temporal lobe.
True or False: If false, explain why the statement is false. The following is the order of
the flow of information through the olfactory system.
Olfactory receptors > olfactory nerves > olfactory bulbs > olfactory tracts > temporal
lobes - ANSWERSThis statement is true.
Fill in the Blanks: The two upper receiving chambers of the heart are called the
____________, while the two lower pumping chambers are called the ____________. -
ANSWERSAtria; ventricles
Which vessels are constricted and dilated by muscles controlled by the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system? - ANSWERSArterioles.
True or False: If false, explain why the statement is false. Hydrostatic pressure is the
net pressure in the blood that moves fluid from the tissues into the circulatory system. -
ANSWERSThis statement is false. Osmotic pressure is the net pressure in the blood
that moves fluid from the tissues into the circulatory system. Hydrostatic pressure
pushes fluid into the tissues by the pressure of blood pumping through the heart.
Which type of blood pressure results from blood being forced into the arteries during
ventricular contraction? - ANSWERSSystolic pressure.
Which of the following conditions involves a backup of fluid in the body? -
ANSWERSPeripheral edema.
True or False: If false, explain why the statement is false. The lymphatic system
includes the lymph nodes, tonsils, pancreas, spleen, and thymus. - ANSWERSThis
statement is false. The lymphatic system does not include the pancreas.
Fill in the Blanks: The ____________ immune system is a generalized defense system
that rapidly destroys a large number of pathogens, while the ___________ immune
system is targeted against pathogens and takes several days to activate. -
ANSWERSNonspecific (innate); specific (adaptive)
