CERTIFIED STROKE REHABILITATION
SPECIALIST CSRS FINAL EXAM PAPER
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ Thrombotic Stroke (Ischemic). Answer: 48% of all strokes
-typically occurs during sleep
-slow progressive onset of deficits
-50% are associated with prior TIA
◍ Embolic Stroke (Ischemic). Answer: 26% of all strokes
-typically occurs while awake
-sudden, immediate deficits (sometimes seizures)
-11% are associated with prior TIA
◍ Lucunar Stroke (Ischemic)
small vessel disease. Answer: 13% of all strokes
-small infarct (>15-20 cm) deep in the brain
-onset can be gradual or sudden
-23% associated with proceeding TIA
-often pure sensory or motor symptoms
-typically no higher cortical functional involved
◍ Intracerebral Hemmorhage (ICH). Answer: 10% of all
strokes
-90% happen with the patient is under "no stress"
-major cause of "hypertension"
-onset may be gradual or sudden
-8% are associated with prior TIA
-direct correlation with high blood pressure/ hypertension
◍ Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH). Answer: 3% of all stroke
-occurs often during strenuous activity
-cause: rupture aneurysms and vascular malformations
,-sudden onset
-7% are associated with preceding TIA
◍ Left Stroke with Right Hemiplegia. Answer: -
Language/Perceptual problems
-expressive aphasia
-receptive aphasia
-global aphasia
-alexia, agraphia , acalculia
-apraxias: motor planning perceptual problems
(Impaired verbal and math skills with word letter discrimination
◍ Left Stroke with Right Hemiplegia (BEHAVIORS). Answer:
-Slow, anxious, cautious, normal attention span
-underestimated abilities
-emotionally labile ( abrupt mood changes)
-quick to anger and/or become frustrated
◍ Right Stroke with Left Hemiplegia. Answer: Perceptual
problems/ Distortion of physical reality
-visual spatial disorders :depth perception
-constructional relationships
-directional concepts
-neglect, drawing abilities
-body schema perception disorders;
-perceptual language disorders
language
◍ Right Stroke with Left Hemiplegia (BEHAVIORS). Answer:
-fast and impulsive
-short attention span
-overestimate abilities/ judgement
-denial of illness (anosognosia)
-lack of inhibition
-inability to express emotions /affect is flat
,◍ Cerebrum. Answer: -frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
lobes
-consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a
fissure
-responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural
functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary
activity in the body.
initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature.
Other areas of the cerebrum enable speech, judgment, thinking
and reasoning, problem-solving, emotions and learning.
◍ Frontal Lobe. Answer: -controls voluntary movement
-thinking problem solving
-reasoning judgement
-personality
◍ Primary Motor Cortex
(motor homunculus). Answer: -located on the pre-central gyrus
-controls voluntary movement
-lesion to this area results in motor deficits and/or paralysis to
the contralateral side of the body
◍ Premotor Cortex. Answer: -located just anterior to the
primary motor cortex
-controls actions of trunk and proximal limb muscles
-responsible for body part ownership
-lesion to this area result in unilateral neglect
◍ Supplementary Motor Cortex. Answer: -located medial to the
primary motor cortex
-motor planning region
-stores motor memories and directs activity of primary motor
cortex
-lesion may result in apraxia
, ◍ Broca's Area. Answer: Controls language expression - an
area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that
directs the muscle movements involved in speech.
-Speech motor area (expressive)
-located only in the left side of the brain in 90% of people
-can be flipped with left -handed people
◍ Wernike's Area. Answer: language comprehension
-located in the left hemisphere in 90% of people
-important for understanding language including: verbal sign
and written language
-corresponding area contralaterally responsible for interpretation
of nonverbal communication
-damage results in receptive aphasia (
◍ Parietal Lobe. Answer: A region of the cerebral cortex whose
functions include processing information about touch.
-perception
-processing of sensation
-spatial awareness
◍ Somatosensory Cortex
-Sensory Homunculus. Answer: area at the front of the parietal
lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement
sensations (Brodmann area 1,2, 3a and 3b)
-located on the postcentral gyrus
-perceives pain, temperature, pressure
-touch, vibration, and proprioception
◍ Parietotemporal Association Cortex. Answer: located:
-posterior and inferior portion of the parietal lobe
-overlaps parietal and temporal lobe
-involved in abstract thought, reading and writing
-mathematics, spatial perception
-understanding written language (angular gyrus)
SPECIALIST CSRS FINAL EXAM PAPER
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ Thrombotic Stroke (Ischemic). Answer: 48% of all strokes
-typically occurs during sleep
-slow progressive onset of deficits
-50% are associated with prior TIA
◍ Embolic Stroke (Ischemic). Answer: 26% of all strokes
-typically occurs while awake
-sudden, immediate deficits (sometimes seizures)
-11% are associated with prior TIA
◍ Lucunar Stroke (Ischemic)
small vessel disease. Answer: 13% of all strokes
-small infarct (>15-20 cm) deep in the brain
-onset can be gradual or sudden
-23% associated with proceeding TIA
-often pure sensory or motor symptoms
-typically no higher cortical functional involved
◍ Intracerebral Hemmorhage (ICH). Answer: 10% of all
strokes
-90% happen with the patient is under "no stress"
-major cause of "hypertension"
-onset may be gradual or sudden
-8% are associated with prior TIA
-direct correlation with high blood pressure/ hypertension
◍ Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH). Answer: 3% of all stroke
-occurs often during strenuous activity
-cause: rupture aneurysms and vascular malformations
,-sudden onset
-7% are associated with preceding TIA
◍ Left Stroke with Right Hemiplegia. Answer: -
Language/Perceptual problems
-expressive aphasia
-receptive aphasia
-global aphasia
-alexia, agraphia , acalculia
-apraxias: motor planning perceptual problems
(Impaired verbal and math skills with word letter discrimination
◍ Left Stroke with Right Hemiplegia (BEHAVIORS). Answer:
-Slow, anxious, cautious, normal attention span
-underestimated abilities
-emotionally labile ( abrupt mood changes)
-quick to anger and/or become frustrated
◍ Right Stroke with Left Hemiplegia. Answer: Perceptual
problems/ Distortion of physical reality
-visual spatial disorders :depth perception
-constructional relationships
-directional concepts
-neglect, drawing abilities
-body schema perception disorders;
-perceptual language disorders
language
◍ Right Stroke with Left Hemiplegia (BEHAVIORS). Answer:
-fast and impulsive
-short attention span
-overestimate abilities/ judgement
-denial of illness (anosognosia)
-lack of inhibition
-inability to express emotions /affect is flat
,◍ Cerebrum. Answer: -frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
lobes
-consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a
fissure
-responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural
functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary
activity in the body.
initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature.
Other areas of the cerebrum enable speech, judgment, thinking
and reasoning, problem-solving, emotions and learning.
◍ Frontal Lobe. Answer: -controls voluntary movement
-thinking problem solving
-reasoning judgement
-personality
◍ Primary Motor Cortex
(motor homunculus). Answer: -located on the pre-central gyrus
-controls voluntary movement
-lesion to this area results in motor deficits and/or paralysis to
the contralateral side of the body
◍ Premotor Cortex. Answer: -located just anterior to the
primary motor cortex
-controls actions of trunk and proximal limb muscles
-responsible for body part ownership
-lesion to this area result in unilateral neglect
◍ Supplementary Motor Cortex. Answer: -located medial to the
primary motor cortex
-motor planning region
-stores motor memories and directs activity of primary motor
cortex
-lesion may result in apraxia
, ◍ Broca's Area. Answer: Controls language expression - an
area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that
directs the muscle movements involved in speech.
-Speech motor area (expressive)
-located only in the left side of the brain in 90% of people
-can be flipped with left -handed people
◍ Wernike's Area. Answer: language comprehension
-located in the left hemisphere in 90% of people
-important for understanding language including: verbal sign
and written language
-corresponding area contralaterally responsible for interpretation
of nonverbal communication
-damage results in receptive aphasia (
◍ Parietal Lobe. Answer: A region of the cerebral cortex whose
functions include processing information about touch.
-perception
-processing of sensation
-spatial awareness
◍ Somatosensory Cortex
-Sensory Homunculus. Answer: area at the front of the parietal
lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement
sensations (Brodmann area 1,2, 3a and 3b)
-located on the postcentral gyrus
-perceives pain, temperature, pressure
-touch, vibration, and proprioception
◍ Parietotemporal Association Cortex. Answer: located:
-posterior and inferior portion of the parietal lobe
-overlaps parietal and temporal lobe
-involved in abstract thought, reading and writing
-mathematics, spatial perception
-understanding written language (angular gyrus)
