IBCLC EXAM REVIEW STUDY SHEET 2026
ACCURATE RESPONSES FULL SOLUTION
◉ Ductules. Answer: Small ducts in the mammary gland that
transfer the milk from the alveoli to the lactiferous ducts.
◉ Sertraline (zoloft). Answer: Antidepressant L2. A serotonin re-
uptake inhibitor with a short half-life.
◉ Jaundice. Answer: The yellow discoloration of skin from elevated
bilirubin usually resolves within the first weeks of life.
◉ HSV Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1. Answer: Highly contagious
infection that presents with painful blisters. (Cold Sores/Fever
blisters). Occurs in the mouth and lips. However, can appear
anywhere on the body. Can be fatal under 1 month and can be
transmitted from parent to baby and baby to parent via contact with
blisters. If the blisters are on the nipple, the infant should not
directly nurse from that breast.
◉ Galactocele. Answer: a milk filled lacteal cyst. Most frequent lump
found in a lactating breast.
◉ Neonatal period. Answer: Birth through first 26 days of life.
,◉ World Health Organization. Answer: Formed in 1981. Developed
the international code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes and
the BFHI.
◉ Hospital grade breast pump. Answer: common name for multi-
user bilateral rental-grade electric breast pump. Used in institutions.
Available for rent in the community. Achieves more effective suction
levels and frequency.
◉ Parenteral. Answer: Introduction of fluids, nutrients, or drugs into
the body other than orally. (intravenous, intramuscular). Very
premature, small, or ill infants are usually fed this way.
◉ Palate (hard). Answer: The hard portion of the roof of the mouth.
During breastfeeding the infant compresses the breast tissue against
this area with the tongue. If only the nipple is compressed on the
hard palate, nipple pain and possible slow weight gain can result.
◉ Heroin. Answer: Narcotic analgesic L5. Not recommended for
breastfeeding. Infant should be observed for sedation and tremors.
◉ Hepatitis D. Answer: Viral Infection of the liver usually a co-
infection with Hepatitis B. Once immunization has begun
breastfeeding can begin.
,◉ Half-life. Answer: length of time for half of a drug dosage to be
eliminated. Five half-lives from time of original dosage usually clears
the drug from the body. Also true for the 1/2 life of radioactive
materials.
◉ Mastitis. Answer: breast infection usually caused by S aureus.
Localized breast tenderness and flu-like symptoms, hot, reddened
spot on the breast.
◉ Pathologic engorgement. Answer: excessive fullness due to
restrictive feeding practices or ineffective milk removal.
◉ hypoglycemia. Answer: low blood glucose levels. Symptoms
include jitteriness, irritability, tremors, high pitched cry, low body
temperature, irregular breathing, refusing to feed, lethargy and
seizures.
◉ Prolactin. Answer: hormone essential for initiating and
maintaining milk production
◉ Paget's disease of breast. Answer: Rare type of breast cancer that
manifests as skin changes on the nipple and surrounding areola,
often appearing as a rash or eczema-like irritation.
, ◉ nucleotides. Answer: a compound that has a nitrogen base.
Essential for energy metabolism reactions, gastrointestinal tract
development and immune function.
◉ Type II diabetes. Answer: high blood sugar levels due to lack of
insulin production in the pancreas. A noninsulin dependent disease
known as adult onset diabetes. Nursing appears to improve ability to
control blood sugar levels.
◉ SGA Small for gestational age. Answer: Having a birth weight that
is below the 10th percentile on intrauterine growth charts. There is
a concern for malnutrition and hypoglycemia.
◉ Key Milestones 1 month. Answer: Watches face intently, follows
objects, reacts to noises.
◉ lactogenesis III. Answer: Galactopoiesis. Maintenance stage of
milk production. Autocrine control. "supply and demand".
◉ Isoniazid. Answer: anti-tuberculosis agent, L3. Considered
compatible with lactation.
◉ key milestones 2 months. Answer: smiles at sound of voices,
follows objects and people with eyes.
ACCURATE RESPONSES FULL SOLUTION
◉ Ductules. Answer: Small ducts in the mammary gland that
transfer the milk from the alveoli to the lactiferous ducts.
◉ Sertraline (zoloft). Answer: Antidepressant L2. A serotonin re-
uptake inhibitor with a short half-life.
◉ Jaundice. Answer: The yellow discoloration of skin from elevated
bilirubin usually resolves within the first weeks of life.
◉ HSV Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1. Answer: Highly contagious
infection that presents with painful blisters. (Cold Sores/Fever
blisters). Occurs in the mouth and lips. However, can appear
anywhere on the body. Can be fatal under 1 month and can be
transmitted from parent to baby and baby to parent via contact with
blisters. If the blisters are on the nipple, the infant should not
directly nurse from that breast.
◉ Galactocele. Answer: a milk filled lacteal cyst. Most frequent lump
found in a lactating breast.
◉ Neonatal period. Answer: Birth through first 26 days of life.
,◉ World Health Organization. Answer: Formed in 1981. Developed
the international code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes and
the BFHI.
◉ Hospital grade breast pump. Answer: common name for multi-
user bilateral rental-grade electric breast pump. Used in institutions.
Available for rent in the community. Achieves more effective suction
levels and frequency.
◉ Parenteral. Answer: Introduction of fluids, nutrients, or drugs into
the body other than orally. (intravenous, intramuscular). Very
premature, small, or ill infants are usually fed this way.
◉ Palate (hard). Answer: The hard portion of the roof of the mouth.
During breastfeeding the infant compresses the breast tissue against
this area with the tongue. If only the nipple is compressed on the
hard palate, nipple pain and possible slow weight gain can result.
◉ Heroin. Answer: Narcotic analgesic L5. Not recommended for
breastfeeding. Infant should be observed for sedation and tremors.
◉ Hepatitis D. Answer: Viral Infection of the liver usually a co-
infection with Hepatitis B. Once immunization has begun
breastfeeding can begin.
,◉ Half-life. Answer: length of time for half of a drug dosage to be
eliminated. Five half-lives from time of original dosage usually clears
the drug from the body. Also true for the 1/2 life of radioactive
materials.
◉ Mastitis. Answer: breast infection usually caused by S aureus.
Localized breast tenderness and flu-like symptoms, hot, reddened
spot on the breast.
◉ Pathologic engorgement. Answer: excessive fullness due to
restrictive feeding practices or ineffective milk removal.
◉ hypoglycemia. Answer: low blood glucose levels. Symptoms
include jitteriness, irritability, tremors, high pitched cry, low body
temperature, irregular breathing, refusing to feed, lethargy and
seizures.
◉ Prolactin. Answer: hormone essential for initiating and
maintaining milk production
◉ Paget's disease of breast. Answer: Rare type of breast cancer that
manifests as skin changes on the nipple and surrounding areola,
often appearing as a rash or eczema-like irritation.
, ◉ nucleotides. Answer: a compound that has a nitrogen base.
Essential for energy metabolism reactions, gastrointestinal tract
development and immune function.
◉ Type II diabetes. Answer: high blood sugar levels due to lack of
insulin production in the pancreas. A noninsulin dependent disease
known as adult onset diabetes. Nursing appears to improve ability to
control blood sugar levels.
◉ SGA Small for gestational age. Answer: Having a birth weight that
is below the 10th percentile on intrauterine growth charts. There is
a concern for malnutrition and hypoglycemia.
◉ Key Milestones 1 month. Answer: Watches face intently, follows
objects, reacts to noises.
◉ lactogenesis III. Answer: Galactopoiesis. Maintenance stage of
milk production. Autocrine control. "supply and demand".
◉ Isoniazid. Answer: anti-tuberculosis agent, L3. Considered
compatible with lactation.
◉ key milestones 2 months. Answer: smiles at sound of voices,
follows objects and people with eyes.
