MGMT 363 - EXAM #2 (CH. 6-9 & 16) QUESTIONS
Motivation - Answers -A set of energetic forces that determine the direction, intensity,
and persistence of an employee's work effort.
What are the three components of performance? - Answers -Performance = Motivation
X Ability X Opportunity
What are the three components of motivation? - Answers -direction of effort, intensity of
effort, persistence of effort
What is the role of engagement? - Answers -investment, high intensity, and persistence
in work efforts
Expectancy Theory - Answers -A theory that describes the cognitive process
employees go through to make choices among different voluntary responses.
3 things:
- effort --> performance (Expectancy)
- performance --> outcomes (Instrumentality)
- outcomes = valuable (Valence)
What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic motivators? - Answers -Extrinsic
motivation = controlled by some contingency that depends on the task performance.
Someone provides these. Examples: pay, bonuses, promotions, praise, free time,
benefits
Intrinsic motivation = felt when task performance serves as its own reward. Both
represent the employees "total motivation" level. These come from within the individual.
Examples: enjoyment, interestingness, accomplishment, knowledge gain, skill
development
Why is money so important? - Answers -achievement, respect, freedom
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Answers -physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem,
self-actualization
prepotency = the only thing that motivates an individual is their lowest level of unfilled
need.
Alderfer's ERG Theory - Answers -The theory that three universal needs—for
existence, relatedness, and growth—constitute a hierarchy of needs and motivate
behavior.
, DOES NOT BELIEVE IN PREPOTENCY - believes all needs can be activated at any
time
McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory - Answers -need for achievement, need for
affiliation, need for power
What makes a goal an effective one? - Answers -Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Results-based
Time-sensitive
Which of the main components of motivation is the focus of goal setting? - Answers -
Valence or Direction of Effort
What influences goal commitment? - Answers -Rewards - monetary and nonmonetary
Publicity - social pressure
Support
Participation - collaborate, ownership
Resources
What is the primary focus of equity theory? How is it determined? - Answers -This
theory acknowledges that motivation doesn't just depend on your own beliefs and
circumstances but also on what happens to other people. This is determined by the
cognitive calculus comparisons. You would divide your outcomes divided by your inputs
and compare that to others outcomes divided by their inputs.
What are the various comparisons that people could make? What are the different
personality types in relation to equity theory? - Answers -Job Equity - compare w/
others doing same job, within same organization
Company Equity - compare with others doing different job, with same organization
Occupational Equity - compare w/ other doing same job, with different organization
Educational Equity- compare w/others who have same education levels
Age Equity- compare w/ others the same age
Benevolent - more inputs than outputs
Sensitive - must have equity balance
Entitled - feels that they are worth more (outputs more than input)
What are the reactions to inequity and how do they differ in relation to positive and
negative inequity? - Answers -Alter outcomes
Alter inputs
Alter comparison other's inputs
Change the comparison other
Rationalization
Motivation - Answers -A set of energetic forces that determine the direction, intensity,
and persistence of an employee's work effort.
What are the three components of performance? - Answers -Performance = Motivation
X Ability X Opportunity
What are the three components of motivation? - Answers -direction of effort, intensity of
effort, persistence of effort
What is the role of engagement? - Answers -investment, high intensity, and persistence
in work efforts
Expectancy Theory - Answers -A theory that describes the cognitive process
employees go through to make choices among different voluntary responses.
3 things:
- effort --> performance (Expectancy)
- performance --> outcomes (Instrumentality)
- outcomes = valuable (Valence)
What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic motivators? - Answers -Extrinsic
motivation = controlled by some contingency that depends on the task performance.
Someone provides these. Examples: pay, bonuses, promotions, praise, free time,
benefits
Intrinsic motivation = felt when task performance serves as its own reward. Both
represent the employees "total motivation" level. These come from within the individual.
Examples: enjoyment, interestingness, accomplishment, knowledge gain, skill
development
Why is money so important? - Answers -achievement, respect, freedom
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Answers -physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem,
self-actualization
prepotency = the only thing that motivates an individual is their lowest level of unfilled
need.
Alderfer's ERG Theory - Answers -The theory that three universal needs—for
existence, relatedness, and growth—constitute a hierarchy of needs and motivate
behavior.
, DOES NOT BELIEVE IN PREPOTENCY - believes all needs can be activated at any
time
McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory - Answers -need for achievement, need for
affiliation, need for power
What makes a goal an effective one? - Answers -Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Results-based
Time-sensitive
Which of the main components of motivation is the focus of goal setting? - Answers -
Valence or Direction of Effort
What influences goal commitment? - Answers -Rewards - monetary and nonmonetary
Publicity - social pressure
Support
Participation - collaborate, ownership
Resources
What is the primary focus of equity theory? How is it determined? - Answers -This
theory acknowledges that motivation doesn't just depend on your own beliefs and
circumstances but also on what happens to other people. This is determined by the
cognitive calculus comparisons. You would divide your outcomes divided by your inputs
and compare that to others outcomes divided by their inputs.
What are the various comparisons that people could make? What are the different
personality types in relation to equity theory? - Answers -Job Equity - compare w/
others doing same job, within same organization
Company Equity - compare with others doing different job, with same organization
Occupational Equity - compare w/ other doing same job, with different organization
Educational Equity- compare w/others who have same education levels
Age Equity- compare w/ others the same age
Benevolent - more inputs than outputs
Sensitive - must have equity balance
Entitled - feels that they are worth more (outputs more than input)
What are the reactions to inequity and how do they differ in relation to positive and
negative inequity? - Answers -Alter outcomes
Alter inputs
Alter comparison other's inputs
Change the comparison other
Rationalization
