Full Test Bank For
Lehne's Pharmacology For Nursing Care, 12th Edition (2025-2026)
By Jacqueline Rosenjack Burchum, Dnsc, Fnp-Bc, Cne And Laura D. Rosenthal,
,Unit I: Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 6
CHAPTER 01: ORIENTATION TO PHARMACOLOGY............................................................................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER 02: APPLICATION OF PHARMACOLOGY IN NURSING PRACTICE ........................................................................................................... 8
CHAPTER 03: DRUG REGULATION, DEVELOPMENT, NAMES, AND INFORMATION ........................................................................................... 14
Unit Ii: Basic Principles Of Pharmacology .............................................................................................................. 17
CHAPTER 04: PHARMACOKINETICS................................................................................................................................................................... 17
CHAPTER 05: PHARMACODYNAMICS ............................................................................................................................................................... 24
CHAPTER 06: DRUG INTERACTIONS .................................................................................................................................................................. 27
CHAPTER 07: ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS AND MEDICATION ERRORS ............................................................................................................ 34
CHAPTER 08: INDIVIDUAL VARIATION TO DRUG RESPONSES ........................................................................................................................... 40
CHAPTER 09: GENETIC AND GENOMIC CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................................................................................ 45
CHAPTER 10: INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOMODULATORS .............................................................................................................................. 49
Unit Iii: Drug Therapy Across The Life Span ........................................................................................................... 53
CHAPTER 11: DRUG THERAPY DURING PREGNANCY AND BREAST-FEEDING .................................................................................................... 53
CHAPTER 12: DRUG THERAPY IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS..................................................................................................................................... 58
CHAPTER 13: DRUG THERAPY IN OLDER ADULTS ............................................................................................................................................. 63
Unit Iv: Peripheral Nervous System Drugs............................................................................................................. 69
Section 1: Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 69
CHAPTER 14: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF NEUROPHARMACOLOGY .......................................................................................................................... 69
CHAPTER 15: PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ................................................................................................................. 73
Section 2: Cholinergic Drugs ................................................................................................................................. 77
CHAPTER 16: MUSCARINIC AGONISTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 77
CHAPTER 17: MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS ....................................................................................................................................................... 80
CHAPTER 18: CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS AND THEIR USE IN MYASTHENIA GRAVIS .................................................................................... 84
CHAPTER 19: DRUGS THAT BLOCK NICOTINIC CHOLINERGIC TRANSMISSION .................................................................................................. 89
Section 3: Adrenergic Drugs.................................................................................................................................. 94
CHAPTER 20: ADRENERGIC AGONISTS.............................................................................................................................................................. 94
CHAPTER 21: ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS ....................................................................................................................................................... 99
CHAPTER 22: INDIRECT-ACTING ANTIADRENERGIC AGENTS .......................................................................................................................... 106
Unit V: Central Nervous System Drugs ................................................................................................................ 112
Section 4: Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 112
CHAPTER 23: INTRODUCTION TO CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PHARMACOLOGY .......................................................................................... 112
Section 5: Drugs For Neurodegenerative Disorders ............................................................................................. 115
Chapter 24: Drugs For Parkinson Disease .......................................................................................................... 115
CHAPTER 25: DRUGS FOR ALZHEIMER DISEASE .............................................................................................................................................. 122
CHAPTER 26: DRUGS FOR MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS............................................................................................................................................. 127
Section 6: Neurologic Drugs ................................................................................................................................ 133
CHAPTER 27: DRUGS FOR SEIZURE DISORDERS .............................................................................................................................................. 133
CHAPTER 28: DRUGS FOR MUSCLE SPASM AND SPASTICITY .......................................................................................................................... 142
Section 7: Drugs For Pain .................................................................................................................................... 146
, CHAPTER 29: LOCAL ANESTHETICS ................................................................................................................................................................. 146
CHAPTER 30: GENERAL ANESTHETICS............................................................................................................................................................. 152
CHAPTER 31: OPIOID ANALGESICS, OPIOID ANTAGONISTS, AND NONOPIOID CENTRALLY ACTING ANALGESICS ........................................... 158
CHAPTER 32: PAIN MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER..................................................................................................................... 165
CHAPTER 33: DRUGS FOR HEADACHE ............................................................................................................................................................ 173
Section 8: Psychotherapeutic Drugs.................................................................................................................... 179
CHAPTER 34: ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS AND THEIR USE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA .................................................................................................. 179
CHAPTER 35: ANTIDEPRESSANTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 186
CHAPTER 36: DRUGS FOR BIPOLAR DISORDER ............................................................................................................................................... 195
CHAPTER 37: SEDATIVE-HYPNOTIC DRUGS .................................................................................................................................................... 200
CHAPTER 38: MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY DISORDERS ................................................................................................................................... 208
CHAPTER 39: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS AND ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER............................................ 213
Section 9: Substance Use Disorders .................................................................................................................... 218
CHAPTER 40: SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS I: BASIC CONSIDERATIONS .......................................................................................................... 218
CHAPTER 41: SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS II: ALCOHOL ................................................................................................................................ 222
CHAPTER 42: SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS III: NICOTINE ............................................................................................................................... 230
CHAPTER 43: SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS IV: MAJOR DRUGS OF ABUSE OTHER THAN ALCOHOL AND NICOTINE ........................................ 235
Unit Vi: Drugs That Affect Fluid And Electrolyte Balance..................................................................................... 243
CHAPTER 44: DIURETICS ................................................................................................................................................................................. 243
CHAPTER 45: AGENTS AFFECTING THE VOLUME AND ION CONTENT OF BODY FLUIDS .................................................................................. 248
Unit Vii: Drugs That Affect The Heart, Blood Vessels, And Blood......................................................................... 254
CHAPTER 46: REVIEW OF HEMODYNAMICS.................................................................................................................................................... 254
CHAPTER 47: DRUGS ACTING ON THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM ................................................................................... 258
CHAPTER 48: CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS ................................................................................................................................................. 263
CHAPTER 49: VASODILATORS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 266
CHAPTER 50: DRUGS FOR HYPERTENSION...................................................................................................................................................... 271
CHAPTER 51: DRUGS FOR HEART FAILURE ..................................................................................................................................................... 280
CHAPTER 52: ANTIDYSRHYTHMIC DRUGS ....................................................................................................................................................... 289
CHAPTER 53: DRUGS THAT HELP NORMALIZE CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS.............................................................................. 298
CHAPTER 54: DRUGS FOR ANGINA PECTORIS ................................................................................................................................................. 306
CHAPTER 55: ANTICOAGULANT, ANTIPLATELET, AND THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS ............................................................................................. 314
CHAPTER 56: MANAGEMENT OF ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ................................................................................................. 322
CHAPTER 57: DRUGS FOR HEMOPHILIA.......................................................................................................................................................... 328
CHAPTER 58: DRUGS FOR DEFICIENCY ANEMIAS............................................................................................................................................ 333
CHAPTER 59: HEMATOPOIETIC AGENTS ......................................................................................................................................................... 340
Unit Viii: Drugs For Endocrine Disorders ............................................................................................................. 345
CHAPTER 60: DRUGS FOR DIABETES MELLITUS .............................................................................................................................................. 345
CHAPTER 61: DRUGS FOR THYROID DISORDERS ............................................................................................................................................. 353
CHAPTER 62: DRUGS RELATED TO HYPOTHALAMIC AND PITUITARY FUNCTION ............................................................................................ 359
CHAPTER 63: DRUGS FOR DISORDERS OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX .................................................................................................................. 365
Unit Ix: Reproductive Health .............................................................................................................................. 370
CHAPTER 64: ESTROGENS AND PROGESTINS: BASIC PHARMACOLOGY AND NONCONTRACEPTIVE APPLICATIONS ....................................... 370
CHAPTER 65: BIRTH CONTROL........................................................................................................................................................................ 375
, CHAPTER 66: DRUG THERAPY FOR INFERTILITY .............................................................................................................................................. 382
CHAPTER 67: DRUGS THAT AFFECT UTERINE FUNCTION ................................................................................................................................ 387
CHAPTER 68: ANDROGENS ............................................................................................................................................................................. 393
CHAPTER 69: DRUGS FOR ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION AND BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA .......................................................................... 398
Unit X: Anti-Inflammatory, Antiallergic, And Immunologic Drugs ....................................................................... 403
70. TRANSGENDER HEALTH .......................................................................................................................................... 403
CHAPTER 71: REVIEW OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM............................................................................................................................................ 409
CHAPTER 72: CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION.................................................................................................................................................... 414
CHAPTER 73: IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS .......................................................................................................................................................... 421
CHAPTER 74: ANTIHISTAMINES ...................................................................................................................................................................... 427
CHAPTER 75: CYCLOOXYGENASE INHIBITORS, NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS AND ACETAMINOPHEN................................ 433
CHAPTER 76: GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN NONENDOCRINE DISORDERS ................................................................................................................ 439
CHAPTER 77: DRUG THERAPY FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ......................................................................................................................... 446
Unit Xi: Drugs For Bone And Joint Disorders ....................................................................................................... 450
CHAPTER 78: DRUG THERAPY FOR GOUT ....................................................................................................................................................... 450
CHAPTER 79: DRUGS AFFECTING CALCIUM LEVELS AND BONE MINERALIZATION.......................................................................................... 454
CHAPTER 80: DRUGS FOR ASTHMA AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE .............................................................................. 462
Unit Xii: Respiratory Tract Drugs......................................................................................................................... 472
CHAPTER 81: DRUGS FOR ALLERGIC RHINITIS, COUGH, AND COLDS .............................................................................................................. 472
CHAPTER 82: DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE .......................................................................................................................................... 478
Unit Xiii: Gastrointestinal Drugs.......................................................................................................................... 484
CHAPTER 83: LAXATIVES................................................................................................................................................................................. 484
CHAPTER 84: OTHER GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS .......................................................................................................................................... 491
CHAPTER 85: VITAMINS.................................................................................................................................................................................. 500
Unit Xiv: Nutrition And Complimentary Therapy ................................................................................................ 507
CHAPTER 86: DRUGS FOR WEIGHT LOSS ........................................................................................................................................................ 507
CHAPTER 87: COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE THERAPY ...................................................................................................................... 513
CHAPTER 88: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY ...................................................................................................................... 518
Unit Xv: Therapy Of Infectious Diseases ............................................................................................................. 524
CHAPTER 89: DRUGS THAT WEAKEN THE BACTERIAL CELL WALL I: PENICILLINS ............................................................................................ 524
CHAPTER 90: DRUGS THAT WEAKEN THE BACTERIAL CELL WALL II: OTHER DRUGS ....................................................................................... 531
CHAPTER 91: BACTERIOSTATIC INHIBITORS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS: TETRACYCLINES, MACROLIDES, AND OTHERS ..................................... 536
CHAPTER 92: AMINOGLYCOSIDES: BACTERICIDAL INHIBITORS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS................................................................................. 546
CHAPTER 93: SULFONAMIDES AND TRIMETHOPRIM ...................................................................................................................................... 553
CHAPTER 94: DRUG THERAPY FOR URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS ................................................................................................................... 559
CHAPTER 95: ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL AGENTS ................................................................................................................................................. 566
CHAPTER 96: MISCELLANEOUS ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ................................................................................................................................. 576
CHAPTER 97: ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................... 581
CHAPTER 98: ANTIVIRAL AGENTS I: DRUGS FOR NON-HIV VIRAL INFECTIONS ............................................................................................... 590
CHAPTER 99: ANTIVIRAL AGENTS II: DRUGS FOR HIV INFECTION AND RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS ............................................. 597
CHAPTER 100: DRUG THERAPY FOR SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES ....................................................................................................... 603
CHAPTER 101: ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS.......................................................................................................................................... 608
CHAPTER 102: ANTHELMINTICS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 613
Lehne's Pharmacology For Nursing Care, 12th Edition (2025-2026)
By Jacqueline Rosenjack Burchum, Dnsc, Fnp-Bc, Cne And Laura D. Rosenthal,
,Unit I: Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 6
CHAPTER 01: ORIENTATION TO PHARMACOLOGY............................................................................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER 02: APPLICATION OF PHARMACOLOGY IN NURSING PRACTICE ........................................................................................................... 8
CHAPTER 03: DRUG REGULATION, DEVELOPMENT, NAMES, AND INFORMATION ........................................................................................... 14
Unit Ii: Basic Principles Of Pharmacology .............................................................................................................. 17
CHAPTER 04: PHARMACOKINETICS................................................................................................................................................................... 17
CHAPTER 05: PHARMACODYNAMICS ............................................................................................................................................................... 24
CHAPTER 06: DRUG INTERACTIONS .................................................................................................................................................................. 27
CHAPTER 07: ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS AND MEDICATION ERRORS ............................................................................................................ 34
CHAPTER 08: INDIVIDUAL VARIATION TO DRUG RESPONSES ........................................................................................................................... 40
CHAPTER 09: GENETIC AND GENOMIC CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................................................................................ 45
CHAPTER 10: INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOMODULATORS .............................................................................................................................. 49
Unit Iii: Drug Therapy Across The Life Span ........................................................................................................... 53
CHAPTER 11: DRUG THERAPY DURING PREGNANCY AND BREAST-FEEDING .................................................................................................... 53
CHAPTER 12: DRUG THERAPY IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS..................................................................................................................................... 58
CHAPTER 13: DRUG THERAPY IN OLDER ADULTS ............................................................................................................................................. 63
Unit Iv: Peripheral Nervous System Drugs............................................................................................................. 69
Section 1: Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 69
CHAPTER 14: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF NEUROPHARMACOLOGY .......................................................................................................................... 69
CHAPTER 15: PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ................................................................................................................. 73
Section 2: Cholinergic Drugs ................................................................................................................................. 77
CHAPTER 16: MUSCARINIC AGONISTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 77
CHAPTER 17: MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS ....................................................................................................................................................... 80
CHAPTER 18: CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS AND THEIR USE IN MYASTHENIA GRAVIS .................................................................................... 84
CHAPTER 19: DRUGS THAT BLOCK NICOTINIC CHOLINERGIC TRANSMISSION .................................................................................................. 89
Section 3: Adrenergic Drugs.................................................................................................................................. 94
CHAPTER 20: ADRENERGIC AGONISTS.............................................................................................................................................................. 94
CHAPTER 21: ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS ....................................................................................................................................................... 99
CHAPTER 22: INDIRECT-ACTING ANTIADRENERGIC AGENTS .......................................................................................................................... 106
Unit V: Central Nervous System Drugs ................................................................................................................ 112
Section 4: Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 112
CHAPTER 23: INTRODUCTION TO CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PHARMACOLOGY .......................................................................................... 112
Section 5: Drugs For Neurodegenerative Disorders ............................................................................................. 115
Chapter 24: Drugs For Parkinson Disease .......................................................................................................... 115
CHAPTER 25: DRUGS FOR ALZHEIMER DISEASE .............................................................................................................................................. 122
CHAPTER 26: DRUGS FOR MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS............................................................................................................................................. 127
Section 6: Neurologic Drugs ................................................................................................................................ 133
CHAPTER 27: DRUGS FOR SEIZURE DISORDERS .............................................................................................................................................. 133
CHAPTER 28: DRUGS FOR MUSCLE SPASM AND SPASTICITY .......................................................................................................................... 142
Section 7: Drugs For Pain .................................................................................................................................... 146
, CHAPTER 29: LOCAL ANESTHETICS ................................................................................................................................................................. 146
CHAPTER 30: GENERAL ANESTHETICS............................................................................................................................................................. 152
CHAPTER 31: OPIOID ANALGESICS, OPIOID ANTAGONISTS, AND NONOPIOID CENTRALLY ACTING ANALGESICS ........................................... 158
CHAPTER 32: PAIN MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER..................................................................................................................... 165
CHAPTER 33: DRUGS FOR HEADACHE ............................................................................................................................................................ 173
Section 8: Psychotherapeutic Drugs.................................................................................................................... 179
CHAPTER 34: ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS AND THEIR USE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA .................................................................................................. 179
CHAPTER 35: ANTIDEPRESSANTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 186
CHAPTER 36: DRUGS FOR BIPOLAR DISORDER ............................................................................................................................................... 195
CHAPTER 37: SEDATIVE-HYPNOTIC DRUGS .................................................................................................................................................... 200
CHAPTER 38: MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY DISORDERS ................................................................................................................................... 208
CHAPTER 39: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS AND ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER............................................ 213
Section 9: Substance Use Disorders .................................................................................................................... 218
CHAPTER 40: SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS I: BASIC CONSIDERATIONS .......................................................................................................... 218
CHAPTER 41: SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS II: ALCOHOL ................................................................................................................................ 222
CHAPTER 42: SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS III: NICOTINE ............................................................................................................................... 230
CHAPTER 43: SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS IV: MAJOR DRUGS OF ABUSE OTHER THAN ALCOHOL AND NICOTINE ........................................ 235
Unit Vi: Drugs That Affect Fluid And Electrolyte Balance..................................................................................... 243
CHAPTER 44: DIURETICS ................................................................................................................................................................................. 243
CHAPTER 45: AGENTS AFFECTING THE VOLUME AND ION CONTENT OF BODY FLUIDS .................................................................................. 248
Unit Vii: Drugs That Affect The Heart, Blood Vessels, And Blood......................................................................... 254
CHAPTER 46: REVIEW OF HEMODYNAMICS.................................................................................................................................................... 254
CHAPTER 47: DRUGS ACTING ON THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM ................................................................................... 258
CHAPTER 48: CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS ................................................................................................................................................. 263
CHAPTER 49: VASODILATORS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 266
CHAPTER 50: DRUGS FOR HYPERTENSION...................................................................................................................................................... 271
CHAPTER 51: DRUGS FOR HEART FAILURE ..................................................................................................................................................... 280
CHAPTER 52: ANTIDYSRHYTHMIC DRUGS ....................................................................................................................................................... 289
CHAPTER 53: DRUGS THAT HELP NORMALIZE CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS.............................................................................. 298
CHAPTER 54: DRUGS FOR ANGINA PECTORIS ................................................................................................................................................. 306
CHAPTER 55: ANTICOAGULANT, ANTIPLATELET, AND THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS ............................................................................................. 314
CHAPTER 56: MANAGEMENT OF ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ................................................................................................. 322
CHAPTER 57: DRUGS FOR HEMOPHILIA.......................................................................................................................................................... 328
CHAPTER 58: DRUGS FOR DEFICIENCY ANEMIAS............................................................................................................................................ 333
CHAPTER 59: HEMATOPOIETIC AGENTS ......................................................................................................................................................... 340
Unit Viii: Drugs For Endocrine Disorders ............................................................................................................. 345
CHAPTER 60: DRUGS FOR DIABETES MELLITUS .............................................................................................................................................. 345
CHAPTER 61: DRUGS FOR THYROID DISORDERS ............................................................................................................................................. 353
CHAPTER 62: DRUGS RELATED TO HYPOTHALAMIC AND PITUITARY FUNCTION ............................................................................................ 359
CHAPTER 63: DRUGS FOR DISORDERS OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX .................................................................................................................. 365
Unit Ix: Reproductive Health .............................................................................................................................. 370
CHAPTER 64: ESTROGENS AND PROGESTINS: BASIC PHARMACOLOGY AND NONCONTRACEPTIVE APPLICATIONS ....................................... 370
CHAPTER 65: BIRTH CONTROL........................................................................................................................................................................ 375
, CHAPTER 66: DRUG THERAPY FOR INFERTILITY .............................................................................................................................................. 382
CHAPTER 67: DRUGS THAT AFFECT UTERINE FUNCTION ................................................................................................................................ 387
CHAPTER 68: ANDROGENS ............................................................................................................................................................................. 393
CHAPTER 69: DRUGS FOR ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION AND BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA .......................................................................... 398
Unit X: Anti-Inflammatory, Antiallergic, And Immunologic Drugs ....................................................................... 403
70. TRANSGENDER HEALTH .......................................................................................................................................... 403
CHAPTER 71: REVIEW OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM............................................................................................................................................ 409
CHAPTER 72: CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION.................................................................................................................................................... 414
CHAPTER 73: IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS .......................................................................................................................................................... 421
CHAPTER 74: ANTIHISTAMINES ...................................................................................................................................................................... 427
CHAPTER 75: CYCLOOXYGENASE INHIBITORS, NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS AND ACETAMINOPHEN................................ 433
CHAPTER 76: GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN NONENDOCRINE DISORDERS ................................................................................................................ 439
CHAPTER 77: DRUG THERAPY FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ......................................................................................................................... 446
Unit Xi: Drugs For Bone And Joint Disorders ....................................................................................................... 450
CHAPTER 78: DRUG THERAPY FOR GOUT ....................................................................................................................................................... 450
CHAPTER 79: DRUGS AFFECTING CALCIUM LEVELS AND BONE MINERALIZATION.......................................................................................... 454
CHAPTER 80: DRUGS FOR ASTHMA AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE .............................................................................. 462
Unit Xii: Respiratory Tract Drugs......................................................................................................................... 472
CHAPTER 81: DRUGS FOR ALLERGIC RHINITIS, COUGH, AND COLDS .............................................................................................................. 472
CHAPTER 82: DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE .......................................................................................................................................... 478
Unit Xiii: Gastrointestinal Drugs.......................................................................................................................... 484
CHAPTER 83: LAXATIVES................................................................................................................................................................................. 484
CHAPTER 84: OTHER GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS .......................................................................................................................................... 491
CHAPTER 85: VITAMINS.................................................................................................................................................................................. 500
Unit Xiv: Nutrition And Complimentary Therapy ................................................................................................ 507
CHAPTER 86: DRUGS FOR WEIGHT LOSS ........................................................................................................................................................ 507
CHAPTER 87: COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE THERAPY ...................................................................................................................... 513
CHAPTER 88: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY ...................................................................................................................... 518
Unit Xv: Therapy Of Infectious Diseases ............................................................................................................. 524
CHAPTER 89: DRUGS THAT WEAKEN THE BACTERIAL CELL WALL I: PENICILLINS ............................................................................................ 524
CHAPTER 90: DRUGS THAT WEAKEN THE BACTERIAL CELL WALL II: OTHER DRUGS ....................................................................................... 531
CHAPTER 91: BACTERIOSTATIC INHIBITORS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS: TETRACYCLINES, MACROLIDES, AND OTHERS ..................................... 536
CHAPTER 92: AMINOGLYCOSIDES: BACTERICIDAL INHIBITORS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS................................................................................. 546
CHAPTER 93: SULFONAMIDES AND TRIMETHOPRIM ...................................................................................................................................... 553
CHAPTER 94: DRUG THERAPY FOR URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS ................................................................................................................... 559
CHAPTER 95: ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL AGENTS ................................................................................................................................................. 566
CHAPTER 96: MISCELLANEOUS ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ................................................................................................................................. 576
CHAPTER 97: ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................... 581
CHAPTER 98: ANTIVIRAL AGENTS I: DRUGS FOR NON-HIV VIRAL INFECTIONS ............................................................................................... 590
CHAPTER 99: ANTIVIRAL AGENTS II: DRUGS FOR HIV INFECTION AND RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS ............................................. 597
CHAPTER 100: DRUG THERAPY FOR SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES ....................................................................................................... 603
CHAPTER 101: ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS.......................................................................................................................................... 608
CHAPTER 102: ANTHELMINTICS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 613
