MGMT 363 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Organizational Behavior - Answers -Field of study devoted to understanding,
explaining, and ultimately improving the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and
groups in organizations
Human Resource Management - Answers -Takes the theories and principles studied in
OB and explores the "nuts-and-bolts" applications of those principles in organizations
Strategic Management - Answers -Focuses on the product choices and industry
characteristics that affect an organizations profitability
Foundations in OB - Answers -Industrial and organizational psychology, social
psychology, sociology and economics. This diversity brings a unique quality to OB
Industrial and Organizational Psychology - Answers -Job performance and individual
characteristics
Social Psychology - Answers -Satisfaction, emotions, and team processes
Sociology - Answers -Team characteristics and organizational structure
Economics - Answers -Motivation, learning and decision-making
Theory X - Answers -Manager's assume employees hate to work and so to motivate
them managers must control the employees and hold all the power
Theory Y - Answers -Manager's assume working is innately part of a human's role in
the world and therefore involve the employees in the decision-making process thus
sharing some of the power
Two Goals for an Individual's Working Life - Answers -1. Perform job well
2. Retain membership of the organization
Two Goals as a Manager - Answers -1. Maximize job performance
2. Help employees stay with the firm for a significant amount of time
Types of Resources - Answers -1. Financial Resources (money, equity)
2. Physical Resources (building, machines, Kyle Field)
3. Knowledge, decision-making, culture, ability, wisdom
4. Image, goodwill
Valuable Resource - Answers -1. Rare
2. Inimitable
, 3. Numerous small decisions
4. Socially complex (not always clear how it developed, impossible to recreate)
Rule of 1/8th - Answers -1/2 of organizations do not believe there is a connection
between people and profits
1/2 of those who do see the connection try to make a single change, rather than a
comprehensive change
1/2 of those who make comprehensive changes persist long enough for those changes
to make a change
1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/8 or 12.5%
How Do We Know OB Works? - Answers -1. Method of Experience
2. Method of Intuition
3. Method of Authority
4. Method of Science
Method of Experience - Answers -People hold firmly to some believe because it is
consistent with their own experience and observations
Method of Intuition - Answers -People hold firmly to some believe because "it stands to
reason"--it seems obvious or self-evident. Ignores logic and goes with "what feels right"
Method of Authority - Answers -People hold firmly to some believe that because some
respected official, agency or source has said it is so. Think mom, minister, government
Method of Science - Answers -People accept some belief because scientific studies
have tended to replicate that result using a series of samples, settings and methods
Theory - Answers -A collection of assertions-both verbal and symbolic-that specify how
and why variables are related, as well as the conditions in which they should (and
should not) be related. Tells a story. Supplies the who, what, when, and why
Hypothesis - Answers -Written predictions that specify relationships between variables.
Written plainly in black and white.
Correlation - Answers -(r). Describes the statistical relationship between two variables.
Can be positive or negative and range from 0 (no statistical relationship) to +/- 1 (perfect
statistical relationship). 0.5=strong. 0.3=moderate. 0.1=weak.
Scientific Method - Answers -Theory-->Hypothesis-->Data-->Conclusion
Causal Inferences - Answers -Establish that one relationship really does cause
another. Needs three things:
1. The two variables are correlated/have a relationship
2. The presumed cause precedes the presumed effect
3. No alternative explanation exists for the correlation
Organizational Behavior - Answers -Field of study devoted to understanding,
explaining, and ultimately improving the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and
groups in organizations
Human Resource Management - Answers -Takes the theories and principles studied in
OB and explores the "nuts-and-bolts" applications of those principles in organizations
Strategic Management - Answers -Focuses on the product choices and industry
characteristics that affect an organizations profitability
Foundations in OB - Answers -Industrial and organizational psychology, social
psychology, sociology and economics. This diversity brings a unique quality to OB
Industrial and Organizational Psychology - Answers -Job performance and individual
characteristics
Social Psychology - Answers -Satisfaction, emotions, and team processes
Sociology - Answers -Team characteristics and organizational structure
Economics - Answers -Motivation, learning and decision-making
Theory X - Answers -Manager's assume employees hate to work and so to motivate
them managers must control the employees and hold all the power
Theory Y - Answers -Manager's assume working is innately part of a human's role in
the world and therefore involve the employees in the decision-making process thus
sharing some of the power
Two Goals for an Individual's Working Life - Answers -1. Perform job well
2. Retain membership of the organization
Two Goals as a Manager - Answers -1. Maximize job performance
2. Help employees stay with the firm for a significant amount of time
Types of Resources - Answers -1. Financial Resources (money, equity)
2. Physical Resources (building, machines, Kyle Field)
3. Knowledge, decision-making, culture, ability, wisdom
4. Image, goodwill
Valuable Resource - Answers -1. Rare
2. Inimitable
, 3. Numerous small decisions
4. Socially complex (not always clear how it developed, impossible to recreate)
Rule of 1/8th - Answers -1/2 of organizations do not believe there is a connection
between people and profits
1/2 of those who do see the connection try to make a single change, rather than a
comprehensive change
1/2 of those who make comprehensive changes persist long enough for those changes
to make a change
1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/8 or 12.5%
How Do We Know OB Works? - Answers -1. Method of Experience
2. Method of Intuition
3. Method of Authority
4. Method of Science
Method of Experience - Answers -People hold firmly to some believe because it is
consistent with their own experience and observations
Method of Intuition - Answers -People hold firmly to some believe because "it stands to
reason"--it seems obvious or self-evident. Ignores logic and goes with "what feels right"
Method of Authority - Answers -People hold firmly to some believe that because some
respected official, agency or source has said it is so. Think mom, minister, government
Method of Science - Answers -People accept some belief because scientific studies
have tended to replicate that result using a series of samples, settings and methods
Theory - Answers -A collection of assertions-both verbal and symbolic-that specify how
and why variables are related, as well as the conditions in which they should (and
should not) be related. Tells a story. Supplies the who, what, when, and why
Hypothesis - Answers -Written predictions that specify relationships between variables.
Written plainly in black and white.
Correlation - Answers -(r). Describes the statistical relationship between two variables.
Can be positive or negative and range from 0 (no statistical relationship) to +/- 1 (perfect
statistical relationship). 0.5=strong. 0.3=moderate. 0.1=weak.
Scientific Method - Answers -Theory-->Hypothesis-->Data-->Conclusion
Causal Inferences - Answers -Establish that one relationship really does cause
another. Needs three things:
1. The two variables are correlated/have a relationship
2. The presumed cause precedes the presumed effect
3. No alternative explanation exists for the correlation
