HESI Advanced Patho 2 exam with answers

HESI Advanced Patho 2 exam with
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answers

Shellfish poisoning - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A type of
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noninfectious foodborne illness caused by the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



consumption of particular types of contaminated fish and |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



shellfish


Severity of symptoms depends of what toxin is affected,
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need to seek medical attention immediately, severe
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cases can be fatal, can be contaminated during or after
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algae blooms |\




○ Include mussels, oysters, clams, scallops, cockles,
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abalone, whelks, moon snails, Dungeness crab, shrimp
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and lobsters
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Shellfish poisoning S&S/Prevention - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Usually 30-60 mins after eating contaminated |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



shellfish; Numbness and tingling, HA, Nausea, Vomiting,
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Diarrhea, Confusion |\




Avoid shellfish in low income country or unsure of the
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water quality or in areas that recently had an algae bloom
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otherwise known as "red tide" or "brown tide"
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,Ciguatera poisoning - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A condition
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caused by marine toxins produced by dinoflagellates
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(microscopic sea organisms) |\ |\




-Eating fish that's been contaminated by toxins found by
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tiny algae found around coral reefs; toxin does not alter
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appearance, taste or smell. It is also not destroyed after |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



cooking


○ Fish typically affected: Barracuda, moray eel, grouper,
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amberjack, sea bass, sturgeon, parrot fish, surgeonfish, |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



and red snapper
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Ciguatera poisoning S&S - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔○ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



Usually develop after 3-6 hours but sometimes after 30
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hours, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, tingling,
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tooth pain or feeling as if teeth are loose, itching,
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metallic taste in the mouth, blurred vision, increased
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sensitivity to hot and cold |\ |\ |\ |\




○ Prevention: Avoid or limit eating fresh reef fish,
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especially the liver, intestines, eggs or head because the
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toxin is highly concentrated.
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○ Note: Symptoms typically last a few days but can have
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lingering effects for months. Symptomatic treatment.
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, Patients typically should avoid fish, nuts, alcohol and
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caffeine for 6 months to prevent symptoms from
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returning.


Scombroid poisoning - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Caused by
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consumption of dark-meat fish (e.g., bonito, mackerel,
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mahi-mahi, tuna) improperly stored at warm temperature.
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-Bacterial histidine decarboxylase converts histidine to
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histamine. Histamine is not degraded by cooking.
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Symptoms
Acute-onset burning sensation of the mouth, flushing of
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face, erythema, urticaria, palpitations, blurred vision,
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cramps, diarrhea, pruritus, headache. May cause
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anaphylaxis-like presentation (i.e., bronchospasm, |\ |\ |\ |\



angioedema, hypotension). |\




-Frequently misdiagnosed as allergy to fish.
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-Treat supportively with antihistamines; if needed,
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antianaphylaxis (e.g., bronchodilators, epinephrine). |\ |\ |\




Foodborne illness - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Illness caused
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by the consumption of food or water contaminated with
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bacteria and/or their toxins, or with parasites, viruses, or
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chemicals