MATH 225
Statistical Reasoning for the Health
Sciences
Latest Final Exam Review
(With Solutions)
2026
1
,1. Case: A nurse researcher compares blood pressure between patients
receiving Drug A vs. Drug B. The data are normally distributed.
Question: Which statistical test is most appropriate?
- A. Chi-square test
- B. Independent t-test
- C. Paired t-test
- D. ANOVA
Answer: B. Independent t-test
Rationale: Two independent groups with continuous, normally
distributed data → independent t-test.
---
2. Case: A study evaluates the association between smoking status
(smoker vs. non-smoker) and lung cancer (yes/no).
Question: Which measure best quantifies risk?
- A. Mean difference
- B. Odds ratio
- C. Pearson correlation coefficient
- D. Regression slope
Answer: B. Odds ratio
Rationale: For binary exposure and binary outcome, odds ratio is
appropriate.
---
3. Case: A nurse wants to test whether average patient satisfaction
scores differ across three hospital wards.
Question: Which test should be used?
- A. Chi-square test
- B. One-way ANOVA
- C. Paired t-test
- D. Mann-Whitney U test
2
, Answer: B. One-way ANOVA
Rationale: Comparing means across ≥3 independent groups → ANOVA.
---
4. Case: A clinical trial measures cholesterol before and after statin
therapy in the same patients.
Question: Which test is appropriate?
- A. Independent t-test
- B. Paired t-test
- C. Chi-square test
- D. Logistic regression
Answer: B. Paired t-test
Rationale: Same subjects measured twice → paired design.
---
5. Case: A nurse analyzes the relationship between BMI and systolic
blood pressure.
Question: Which statistic best describes linear association?
- A. Odds ratio
- B. Pearson correlation coefficient (r)
- C. Chi-square value
- D. Hazard ratio
Answer: B. Pearson correlation coefficient
Rationale: Correlation coefficient quantifies strength/direction of linear
relationship.
---
6. Case: A survival study examines time-to-event for cancer patients
receiving chemotherapy.
Question: Which analysis is most appropriate?
- A. Kaplan-Meier curve
- B. Chi-square test
3
Statistical Reasoning for the Health
Sciences
Latest Final Exam Review
(With Solutions)
2026
1
,1. Case: A nurse researcher compares blood pressure between patients
receiving Drug A vs. Drug B. The data are normally distributed.
Question: Which statistical test is most appropriate?
- A. Chi-square test
- B. Independent t-test
- C. Paired t-test
- D. ANOVA
Answer: B. Independent t-test
Rationale: Two independent groups with continuous, normally
distributed data → independent t-test.
---
2. Case: A study evaluates the association between smoking status
(smoker vs. non-smoker) and lung cancer (yes/no).
Question: Which measure best quantifies risk?
- A. Mean difference
- B. Odds ratio
- C. Pearson correlation coefficient
- D. Regression slope
Answer: B. Odds ratio
Rationale: For binary exposure and binary outcome, odds ratio is
appropriate.
---
3. Case: A nurse wants to test whether average patient satisfaction
scores differ across three hospital wards.
Question: Which test should be used?
- A. Chi-square test
- B. One-way ANOVA
- C. Paired t-test
- D. Mann-Whitney U test
2
, Answer: B. One-way ANOVA
Rationale: Comparing means across ≥3 independent groups → ANOVA.
---
4. Case: A clinical trial measures cholesterol before and after statin
therapy in the same patients.
Question: Which test is appropriate?
- A. Independent t-test
- B. Paired t-test
- C. Chi-square test
- D. Logistic regression
Answer: B. Paired t-test
Rationale: Same subjects measured twice → paired design.
---
5. Case: A nurse analyzes the relationship between BMI and systolic
blood pressure.
Question: Which statistic best describes linear association?
- A. Odds ratio
- B. Pearson correlation coefficient (r)
- C. Chi-square value
- D. Hazard ratio
Answer: B. Pearson correlation coefficient
Rationale: Correlation coefficient quantifies strength/direction of linear
relationship.
---
6. Case: A survival study examines time-to-event for cancer patients
receiving chemotherapy.
Question: Which analysis is most appropriate?
- A. Kaplan-Meier curve
- B. Chi-square test
3
