NR 226
Fundamentals – Patient Care
Latest Final Exam Review
(With Solutions)
2026
1
,1. Case: A patient is at risk for pressure ulcers due to immobility.
Question: Which intervention is most effective?
- A. Massage reddened areas
- B. Reposition every 2 hours
- C. Apply ice packs
- D. Restrict fluids
Answer: B. Reposition every 2 hours
Rationale: Frequent repositioning prevents ischemia and skin
breakdown.
---
2. Case: A nurse prepares to insert a urinary catheter.
Question: Which step ensures asepsis?
- A. Using clean gloves
- B. Maintaining sterile field
- C. Applying lubricant after insertion
- D. Asking patient to cough
Answer: B. Maintaining sterile field
Rationale: Catheterization requires strict sterile technique to prevent
infection.
---
3. Case: A patient with dysphagia is prescribed oral feeding.
Question: Which nursing action is safest?
- A. Offer thin liquids
- B. Position patient supine
- C. Provide small bites and upright positioning
- D. Encourage rapid swallowing
Answer: C. Provide small bites and upright positioning
Rationale: Prevents aspiration by controlling bolus size and posture.
2
, ---
4. Case: A patient reports pain rated 8/10.
Question: Which principle guides pain management?
- A. Pain is subjective and must be accepted
- B. Nurse decides severity
- C. Pain is always proportional to injury
- D. Pain should be ignored if vital signs are stable
Answer: A. Pain is subjective and must be accepted
Rationale: Patient’s self-report is the gold standard.
---
5. Case: A patient with COPD requires oxygen therapy.
Question: Which delivery device is most appropriate for controlled
oxygen?
- A. Nasal cannula
- B. Non-rebreather mask
- C. Venturi mask
- D. Simple face mask
Answer: C. Venturi mask
Rationale: Provides precise FiO₂, critical in COPD to avoid CO₂ retention.
---
6. Case: A nurse is caring for a patient with restraints.
Question: Which action is correct?
- A. Tie restraints to side rails
- B. Assess circulation every 2 hours
- C. Keep restraints continuously for 24 hours
- D. Skip documentation if patient is asleep
Answer: B. Assess circulation every 2 hours
Rationale: Prevents injury and ensures safety.
---
3
Fundamentals – Patient Care
Latest Final Exam Review
(With Solutions)
2026
1
,1. Case: A patient is at risk for pressure ulcers due to immobility.
Question: Which intervention is most effective?
- A. Massage reddened areas
- B. Reposition every 2 hours
- C. Apply ice packs
- D. Restrict fluids
Answer: B. Reposition every 2 hours
Rationale: Frequent repositioning prevents ischemia and skin
breakdown.
---
2. Case: A nurse prepares to insert a urinary catheter.
Question: Which step ensures asepsis?
- A. Using clean gloves
- B. Maintaining sterile field
- C. Applying lubricant after insertion
- D. Asking patient to cough
Answer: B. Maintaining sterile field
Rationale: Catheterization requires strict sterile technique to prevent
infection.
---
3. Case: A patient with dysphagia is prescribed oral feeding.
Question: Which nursing action is safest?
- A. Offer thin liquids
- B. Position patient supine
- C. Provide small bites and upright positioning
- D. Encourage rapid swallowing
Answer: C. Provide small bites and upright positioning
Rationale: Prevents aspiration by controlling bolus size and posture.
2
, ---
4. Case: A patient reports pain rated 8/10.
Question: Which principle guides pain management?
- A. Pain is subjective and must be accepted
- B. Nurse decides severity
- C. Pain is always proportional to injury
- D. Pain should be ignored if vital signs are stable
Answer: A. Pain is subjective and must be accepted
Rationale: Patient’s self-report is the gold standard.
---
5. Case: A patient with COPD requires oxygen therapy.
Question: Which delivery device is most appropriate for controlled
oxygen?
- A. Nasal cannula
- B. Non-rebreather mask
- C. Venturi mask
- D. Simple face mask
Answer: C. Venturi mask
Rationale: Provides precise FiO₂, critical in COPD to avoid CO₂ retention.
---
6. Case: A nurse is caring for a patient with restraints.
Question: Which action is correct?
- A. Tie restraints to side rails
- B. Assess circulation every 2 hours
- C. Keep restraints continuously for 24 hours
- D. Skip documentation if patient is asleep
Answer: B. Assess circulation every 2 hours
Rationale: Prevents injury and ensures safety.
---
3
