SAT Reading and Writing | Actual Assessment 150 Q&A | Answered Latest Spring 2026.

SAT Reading and Writing Question ID e35d481c ID: e35d481c Some economic historians ______ that late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century households in the United States experienced an economy of scale when it came to food purchases—they assumed that large households spent less on food per person than did small households. Economist Trevon Logan showed, however, that a close look at the available data disproves this supposition. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. surmised B. contrived C. questioned D. regretted The following text is from Bram Stoker’s 1897 novel Dracula. The narrator is being driven in a carriage through a remote region at night. The baying of the wolves sounded nearer and nearer, as though they were closing round on us from every side. I grew dreadfully afraid, and the horses shared my fear. The driver, however, was not in the least disturbed; he kept turning his head to left and right, but I could not see anything through the darkness. As used in the text, what does the word “disturbed” most nearly mean? A. Disorganized B. Alarmed C. Offended D. Interrupted Assessment Economist Marco Castillo and colleagues showed that nuisance costs—the time and effort people must spend to make donations—reduce charitable giving. Charities can mitigate this effect by compensating donors for nuisance costs, but those costs, though variable, are largely ______ donation size, so charities that compensate donors will likely favor attracting a few large donors over many small donors. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. supplemental to B. predictive of C. independent of D. subsumed in Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID 1c7fe9be ID: 1c7fe9be At the turn of the twentieth century, Black residents of Richmond, Virginia, had few formal options for banking and other financial services. To ______ this situation, Maggie Lena Walker chartered the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank in 1903. The bank went on to provide home loans and savings opportunities to thousands of Black families over the following decades. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. prolong B. rectify C. retain D. highlight Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID c966ad55 ID: c966ad55 The following text is from Srimati Svarna Kumari Devi’s 1894 novel The Fatal Garland (translated by A. Christina Albers in 1910). Shakti is walking near a riverbank that she visited frequently during her childhood. She crossed the woods she knew so well. The trees seemed to extend their branches like welcoming arms. They greeted her as an old friend. Soon she reached the river-side. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole? A. It suggests that Shakti feels uncomfortable near the river. B. It indicates that Shakti has lost her sense of direction in the woods. C. It emphasizes Shakti’s sense of belonging in the landscape. D. It conveys Shakti’s appreciation for her long-term friendships. Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Text Structure and Purpose DifficultyQuestion ID 757077f9 ID: 757077f9 During a 2014 archaeological dig in Spain, Vicente Lull and his team uncovered the skeleton of a woman from El Algar, an Early Bronze Age society, buried with valuable objects signaling a high position of power. This finding may persuade researchers who have argued that Bronze Age societies were ruled by men to ______ that women may have also held leadership roles. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. waive B. concede C. refute D. require Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID 2af2016f ID: 2af2016f A study by Dr. Paul Hanel and colleagues concluded that people are more likely to behave politely when listening to ideas they disagree with if they think about values before they engage in a discussion. Study participants were assigned to one of two groups. The experimental group spent a few minutes writing about one of their personal values before they had a group discussion on a controversial topic. And the control group spent a few minutes writing about a drink (tea, milk, etc.) before their group discussion on that topic. Hanel and colleagues found that the experimental group’s discussion was more civil than the control group’s discussion was. Which choice best describes the main purpose of the text? A. To describe a widely held belief and how a study’s results support that belief B. To argue that researchers were surprised by the results of a certain study C. To suggest ways to improve a certain study’s experimental design D. To explain a study’s conclusion and how a research team arrived at that conclusion Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Text Structure and Purpose DifficultyQuestion ID b13378c8 ID: b13378c8 Early in the Great Migration of 1910–1970, which involved the mass migration of Black people from the southern to the northern United States, political activist and Chicago Defender writer Fannie Barrier Williams was instrumental in helping other Black women establish themselves in the North. Many women hoped for better employment opportunities in the North because, in the South, they faced much competition for domestic employment and men tended to get agricultural work. To aid with this transition, Barrier Williams helped secure job placement in the North for many women before they even began their journey. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text? A. To introduce and illustrate Barrier Williams’s integral role in supporting other Black women as their circumstances changed during part of the Great Migration B. To establish that Barrier Williams used her professional connections to arrange employment for other Black women, including jobs with the Chicago Defender C. To demonstrate that the factors that motivated the start of the Great Migration were different for Black women than they were for Black men D. To provide an overview of the employment challenges faced by Black women in the agricultural and domestic spheres in the southern United States Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Text Structure and Purpose DifficultyQuestion ID 97e5bf55 ID: 97e5bf55 Text 1 In 1916, H. Dugdale Sykes disputed claims that The Two Noble Kinsmen was coauthored by William Shakespeare and John Fletcher. Sykes felt Fletcher’s contributions to the play were obvious—Fletcher had a distinct style in his other plays, so much so that lines with that style were considered sufficient evidence of Fletcher’s authorship. But for the lines not deemed to be by Fletcher, Sykes felt that their depiction of women indicated that their author was not Shakespeare but Philip Massinger. Text 2 Scholars have accepted The Two Noble Kinsmen as coauthored by Shakespeare since the 1970s: it appears in all major onevolume editions of Shakespeare’s complete works. Though scholars disagree about who wrote what exactly, it is generally held that on the basis of style, Shakespeare wrote all of the first act and most of the last, while John Fletcher authored most of the three middle acts. Based on the texts, both Sykes in Text 1 and the scholars in Text 2 would most likely agree with which statement? A. John Fletcher’s writing has a unique, readily identifiable style. B. The women characters in John Fletcher’s plays are similar to the women characters in Philip Massinger’s plays. C. The Two Noble Kinsmen belongs in one-volume compilations of Shakespeare’s complete plays. D. Philip Massinger’s style in the first and last acts of The Two Noble Kinsmen is an homage to Shakespeare’s style. Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Cross-Text Connections DifficultyQuestion ID d4a8f7cb ID: d4a8f7cb Dance choreographer Jawole Willa Jo Zollar aims to give people the opportunity to be ______ her creative process. For example, live performances of her dance HairStories, which debuted in 2001, featured videos of people across the United States talking about their hair and audience members sharing pictures of their interesting hairstyles. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. nervous about B. completed by C. delayed by D. involved in Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID 84ece3f6 ID: 84ece3f6 The following text is adapted from Nathaniel Hawthorne’s 1844 short story “Drowne’s Wooden Image.” Drowne, a young man, is carving a wooden figure to decorate the front of a ship. Day by day, the work assumed greater precision, and settled its irregular and misty outline into distincter grace and beauty. The general design was now obvious to the common eye. As used in the text, what does the word “assumed” most nearly mean? A. Acquired B. Acknowledged C. Imitated D. Speculated Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID 95f037ad ID: 95f037ad The works of Chicana artist Ester Hernandez are now ______ in museums both in the United States and abroad, but the murals she contributed to as a member of Las Mujeres Muralistas early in her artistic career were displayed in outdoor public spaces across San Francisco. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. invented B. adjusted C. featured D. recommended Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID d4732483 ID: d4732483 Studying late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century artifacts from an agricultural and domestic site in Texas, archaeologist Ayana O. Flewellen found that Black women employed as farm workers utilized hook-and-eye closures to fasten their clothes at the waist, giving themselves a silhouette similar to the one that was popular in contemporary fashion and typically achieved through more restrictive garments such as corsets. Flewellen argues that this sartorial practice shows that these women balanced hegemonic ideals of femininity with the requirements of their physically demanding occupation. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text? A. To describe an unexpected discovery that altered a researcher’s view of how rapidly fashions among Black female farmworkers in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Texas changed during the period B. To discuss research that investigated the ways in which Black female farmworkers in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Texas used fashion practices to resist traditional gender ideals C. To evaluate a scholarly work that offers explanations for the impact of urban fashion ideals on Black female farmworkers in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Texas D. To summarize the findings of a study that explored factors influencing a fashion practice among Black female farmworkers in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Texas Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Text Structure and Purpose DifficultyQuestion ID d9915c15 ID: d9915c15 In 2020, rap artist and professor A.D. Carson published the first peer-reviewed rap album about his experiences with Black masculinity called “i used to love to dream.” Typically in peer review, experts evaluate scholarly articles prior to publication. For Carson’s album, dubbed a “mixtap/e/ssay,” peer review involved both scholars and rap artists. In combining elements of a mixtape album with scholarly essays that connect Carson’s lyrics to historical and contemporary contexts for listeners both inside and outside academia, Carson’s album helped redefine how scholarship is created and shared. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text? A. To compare the relative public impact of scholarly articles and albums B. To capture one scholar’s opinion of a new rap album C. To explain why a certain rap album is particularly innovative D. To describe how each step of the peer review process unfolds Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Text Structure and Purpose DifficultyQuestion ID e818241b ID: e818241b Astronomers are confident that the star Betelgeuse will eventually consume all the helium in its core and explode in a supernova. They are much less confident, however, about when this will happen, since that depends on internal characteristics of Betelgeuse that are largely unknown. Astrophysicist Sarafina El-Badry Nance and colleagues recently investigated whether acoustic waves in the star could be used to determine internal stellar states but concluded that this method could not sufficiently reveal Betelgeuse’s internal characteristics to allow its evolutionary state to be firmly fixed. Which choice best describes the function of the second sentence in the overall structure of the text? A. It describes a serious limitation of the method used by Nance and colleagues. B. It presents the central finding reported by Nance and colleagues. C. It identifies the problem that Nance and colleagues attempted to solve but did not. D. It explains how the work of Nance and colleagues was received by others in the field. Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Text Structure and Purpose DifficultyQuestion ID a1139ff8 ID: a1139ff8 In the 1990s, conservationists began planting more than 500,000 native trees in the habitat of the Azores bullfinch to boost the bird’s numbers. This approach was apparently ______: the Azores bullfinch’s population size increased from as few as 100 birds at the end of the 1980s to around 1,300 in 2023. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. amusing B. costly C. successful D. disastrous Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID d5ad34f0 ID: d5ad34f0 The results of randomized clinical trials testing the efficacy of common medical interventions sometimes fail to ______ conclusions that practitioners reach based on their real-world observations of patients. While there are several possible reasons for this, one is that practitioners may overlook confounding variables that account for the results they attribute to the interventions in question. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. circumvent B. corroborate C. disseminate D. implement Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID 236fee8e ID: 236fee8e Archeological excavation of Market Street Chinatown, a nineteenth-century Chinese American community in San Jose, California, provided the first evidence that Asian food products were imported to the United States in the 1800s: bones from a freshwater fish species native to Southeast Asia. Jinshanzhuang—Hong Kong–based import/export firms—likely coordinated the fish’s transport from Chinese-operated fisheries in Vietnam and Malaysia to North American markets. This route reveals the (often overlooked) multinational dimensions of the trade networks linking Chinese diaspora communities. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole? A. It explains why efforts to determine the country of origin of the items mentioned in the previous sentence remain inconclusive. B. It provides information that helps support a claim about a discovery’s significance that is presented in the following sentence. C. It traces the steps that were taken to locate and recover the objects that are described in the previous sentence. D. It outlines a hypothesis that additional evidence discussed in the following sentence casts some doubt on. Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Text Structure and Purpose DifficultyQuestion ID 97ab5669 ID: 97ab5669 Former astronaut Ellen Ochoa says that although she doesn’t have a definite idea of when it might happen, she ______ that humans will someday need to be able to live in other environments than those found on Earth. This conjecture informs her interest in future research missions to the moon. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. demands B. speculates C. doubts D. establishes Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID be612a26 ID: be612a26 Recent measurements of the mass of the W boson (a subatomic particle) were notable not only for the mere fact that the particle’s mass differed from expectations but for the ______ of that difference: the measured mass of the W boson was seven standard deviations higher than predicted by the standard model of particle physics. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. cause B. existence C. implication D. scale Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID a0777403 ID: a0777403 The following text is from Anita Desai’s 2011 novella Translator Translated. While working on her translation of a novel written in Odia (a language of India) into English, the narrator looks out her window at night to clear her mind. I tried to distract myself with these sights of the ordinary world, but in my mind it was the lines I had been translating and the lines that I had been writing that remained in the forefront. I longed for sleep to obliterate them but it eluded me. Perhaps everything would be normal again once I had sent off the manuscript, I thought, and looked forward to completing the work. ©2011 by Anita Desai As used in the text, what does the word “completing” most nearly mean? A. Destroying B. Finishing C. Advertising D. Rejecting Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID 02fd3da7 ID: 02fd3da7 Text 1 Public policy researcher Anthony Fowler studied the history of elections in Australia, a country that requires citizens to vote. Fowler argues that requiring citizens to vote leads to a significant increase in voters who would otherwise not have the time or motivation to vote. Thus, election results in countries that require citizens to vote better reflect the preferences of the country as a whole. Text 2 Governments in democratic countries function better when more people vote. However, forcing people to vote may have negative consequences. Shane P. Singh and Jason Roy studied what happens when a country requires its citizens to vote. They found that when people feel forced to vote, they tend to spend less time looking for information about their choices when voting. As a result, votes from these voters may not reflect their actual preferences. Based on the texts, how would Singh and Roy (Text 2) most likely respond to the research discussed in Text 1? A. Only countries of a certain population size should implement mandatory voting. B. People who are forced to vote are likely to become politically engaged in other ways, such as volunteering or running for office. C. Requiring people to vote does not necessarily lead to election outcomes that better represent the preferences of the country as a whole. D. Countries that require voting must also make the process of voting easier for their citizens. Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Cross-Text Connections DifficultyQuestion ID 6c9f1727 ID: 6c9f1727 One popular theory of the origin of the Moon, the “big whack,” posits that a protoplanet called Theia collided with Earth, flinging debris into orbit that eventually coalesced into the Moon. Until recently, Theia was ______, but researcher Qian Yuan and colleagues now claim to have identified pieces of the protoplanet in the lowermost section of Earth’s mantle. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. desultory B. spurious C. veritable D. notional Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID 06b96bfc ID: 06b96bfc A musician and member of the Quechua of Peru, Renata Flores Rivera was eager to promote the Quechua language in her music, but she was ______ speaking it. She met this challenge by asking her grandmother, a native speaker of Quechua, to help her pronounce words in her song lyrics and also by taking classes in the language. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. prepared for B. inexperienced with C. skilled in D. excited about Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID 3f37eb3b ID: 3f37eb3b People sometimes dismiss a claim if it comes from a source they regard as self-interested, but from a strictly logical perspective, the source of a claim is ______: it has no direct bearing on whether the claim is true. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. indistinct B. irrelevant C. indisputable D. implicit Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID ID: Seminole/Muscogee director Sterlin Harjo ______ television’s tendency to situate Native characters in the distant past: this rejection is evident in his series Reservation Dogs, which revolves around teenagers who dress in contemporary styles and whose dialogue is laced with current slang. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. repudiates B. proclaims C. foretells D. recants Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID 0f040c50 ID: 0f040c50 The following text is from Yann Martel’s 2001 novel Life of Pi. The narrator’s family owned a zoo when he was a child. It was a huge zoo, spread over numberless acres, big enough to require a train to explore it, though it seemed to get smaller as I grew older, train included. ©2001 by Yann Martel As used in the text, what does the word “spread” most nearly mean? A. Hidden B. Discussed C. Extended D. Coated Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID e1d5d5df ID: e1d5d5df According to botanists, a viburnum plant experiencing insect damage may develop erineum—a discolored, felty growth—on its leaf blades. A ______ viburnum plant, on the other hand, will have leaves with smooth surfaces and uniformly green coloration. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. struggling B. beneficial C. simple D. healthy Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID cef79fb9 ID: cef79fb9 The Bayeux Tapestry, from eleventh-century France, depicts 75 scenes over 250 feet of fabric. It was likely produced by workers embroidering in sections and then joining the resulting panels together. It’s plausible that the workshop that produced the tapestry had never produced one so large, and some researchers claim that a close examination of the joins— the places where the panels are stitched together—suggests that the workers developed and refined their joining process over the course of production. For example, the first join the workers completed exhibits a clear misalignment of the borders of the two panels, whereas the later joins are virtually invisible. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole? A. It identifies the people and events depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry. B. It supports an argument about the workers who produced the Bayeux Tapestry. C. It compares the Bayeux Tapestry with other tapestries from eleventh-century France. D. It describes how researchers determined where the Bayeux Tapestry was produced. Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Text Structure and Purpose DifficultyQuestion ID 9e501aaf ID: 9e501aaf Research conducted by planetary scientist Katarina Miljkovic suggests that the Moon’s surface may not accurately ______ early impact events. When the Moon was still forming, its surface was softer, and asteroid or meteoroid impacts would have left less of an impression; thus, evidence of early impacts may no longer be present. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. reflect B. receive C. evaluate D. mimic Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID 9cdcd902 ID: 9cdcd902 Charles “Teenie” Harris was a photographer for the Pittsburgh Courier from 1936 to 1975. During his career he took over 70,000 photographs documenting everyday life in Pittsburgh’s Black communities. The Carnegie Museum of Art maintains thousands of his photographs, carefully ______ them so that audiences can continue to view them well into the future. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. replacing B. inventing C. preserving D. counting Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID e459076b ID: e459076b The following text is adapted from George Eliot’s 1871–72 novel Middlemarch. [Mr. Brooke] had travelled in his younger years, and was held in this part of the country to have contracted a too rambling habit of mind. Mr. Brooke’s conclusions were as difficult to predict as the weather. As used in the text, what does the word “contracted” most nearly mean? A. Restricted B. Described C. Developed D. Settled Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID 0462dac3 ID: 0462dac3 Barring major archaeological discoveries, we are unlikely to ever have ______ account of ancient Egypt under the female pharaoh Hatshepsut, as much of the evidence of her reign was deliberately destroyed by her successors. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. an imaginative B. a superficial C. an exhaustive D. a questionable Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID eaea6f8f ID: eaea6f8f Ordinary soap bubbles usually exist for a minute or less before popping due to either a rupture forced by gravity-induced drainage or the evaporation of the liquid from which the bubble is composed. But physicist Aymeric Roux and colleagues discovered ways to mitigate these factors, resulting in bubbles that can last for a year or more. For example, glycerol tends to adhere to water molecules, so a bubble with a shell that contains both water and glycerol is able to draw additional water molecules from the surrounding air and thereby compensate for evaporation. Which choice best states the purpose of the underlined portion in the text as a whole? A. It describes the effects of a process devised by researchers that increases the longevity of an object discussed in the text. B. It details the circumstances that prompted the research discussed in the text. C. It presents a reason why the phenomenon discussed in the text that the researchers wanted to avoid will inevitably occur. D. It mentions a method discussed in the text that researchers intend to test in future experiments. Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Text Structure and Purpose DifficultyQuestion ID 4974b053 ID: 4974b053 Although science fiction was dominated mostly by white male authors when Octavia Butler, a Black woman, began writing, she did not view the genre as ______: Butler broke into the field with the publication of several short stories and her 1976 novel Patternmaster, and she later became the first science fiction writer to win a prestigious MacArthur Fellowship. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. legitimate B. impenetrable C. compelling D. indecipherable Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID 3ec184af ID: 3ec184af Many ancient sculptures of people’s heads are missing their noses. This is because the nose is the most ______ part of a sculpture of a person’s head. It is delicate and sticks out from the rest of the sculpture, making it especially easy to break. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. recognizable B. fragile C. common D. sophisticated Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID 105ea6de ID: 105ea6de Text 1 Growth in the use of novel nanohybrids—materials created from the conjugation of multiple distinct nanomaterials, such as iron oxide and gold nanomaterials conjugated for use in magnetic imaging—has outpaced studies of nanohybrids’ environmental risks. Unfortunately, risk evaluations based on nanohybrids’ constituents are not reliable: conjugation may alter constituents’ physiochemical properties such that innocuous nanomaterials form a nanohybrid that is anything but. Text 2 The potential for enhanced toxicity of nanohybrids relative to the toxicity of constituent nanomaterials has drawn deserved attention, but the effects of nanomaterial conjugation vary by case. For instance, it was recently shown that a nanohybrid of silicon dioxide and zinc oxide preserved the desired optical transparency of zinc oxide nanoparticles while mitigating the nanoparticles’ potential to damage DNA. Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 most likely respond to the assertion in the underlined portion of Text 1? A. By concurring that the risk described in Text 1 should be evaluated but emphasizing that the risk is more than offset by the potential benefits of nanomaterial conjugation B. By arguing that the situation described in Text 1 may not be representative but conceding that the effects of nanomaterial conjugation are harder to predict than researchers had expected C. By denying that the circumstance described in Text 1 is likely to occur but acknowledging that many aspects of nanomaterial conjugation are still poorly understood D. By agreeing that the possibility described in Text 1 is a cause for concern but pointing out that nanomaterial conjugation does not inevitably produce that result Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Cross-Text Connections DifficultyQuestion ID 7d8224f9 ID: 7d8224f9 In 1154, Muhammad al-Idrisi completed a collection of maps of the lands known to medieval Arabic and European scholars. This collection was titled Al-Kitāb al-Rujārī (The Book of Roger), after the Norman king Roger II who hired him to create it. To create the collection, al-Idrisi consulted Arabic and Greek maps and interviewed travelers about the lands they visited. He included these travelers’ stories alongside the map illustrations. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text? A. To discuss the benefits of studying mapmaking B. To explain how travelers created maps C. To describe a collection of medieval maps and how it was created D. To compare medieval Arabic and Greek mapmaking techniques Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Text Structure and Purpose DifficultyQuestion ID 2903a041 ID: 2903a041 Using NASA’s powerful James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), Mercedes López-Morales and colleagues measured the wavelengths of light traveling through the atmosphere of WASP-39b, an exoplanet, or planet outside our solar system. Different molecules absorb different wavelengths of light, and the wavelength measurements showed the presence of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in WASP-39b’s atmosphere. This finding not only offers the first decisive evidence of CO₂ in the atmosphere of an exoplanet but also illustrates the potential for future scientific breakthroughs held by the JWST. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text? A. It discusses a method used by some researchers, then states why an alternative method is superior to it. B. It describes how researchers made a scientific discovery, then explains the importance of that discovery. C. It outlines the steps taken in a scientific study, then presents a hypothesis based on that study. D. It examines how a group of scientists reached a conclusion, then shows how other scientists have challenged that conclusion. Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Text Structure and Purpose DifficultyQuestion ID 066a3295 ID: 066a3295 Researchers have found a nearly 164,000-year-old molar from a member of the archaic human species known as Denisovans in a cave in Laos, suggesting that Denisovans lived in a wider range of environments than indicated by earlier evidence. Before the discovery, Denisovans were thought to have lived only at high altitudes in relatively cold climates in what are now Russia and China, but the discovery of the tooth in Laos suggests that they may have lived at low altitudes in relatively warm climates in Southeast Asia as well. Which choice best states the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole? A. It dismisses as untrue the research presented in the previous sentence. B. It defines a term used in the description that follows in the rest of the sentence. C. It emphasizes the main goal of the research introduced in the previous sentence. D. It provides context that clarifies the significance of the information that follows in the rest of the sentence. Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Text Structure and Purpose DifficultyQuestion ID ac9a3a26 ID: ac9a3a26 According to historian Vicki L. Ruiz, Mexican American women made crucial contributions to the labor movement during World War II. At the time, food processing companies entered into contracts to supply United States armed forces with canned goods. Increased production quotas conferred greater bargaining power on the companies’ employees, many of whom were Mexican American women: employees insisted on more favorable benefits, and employers, who were anxious to fulfill the contracts, complied. Thus, labor activism became a platform for Mexican American women to assert their agency. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole? A. It elaborates on a claim about labor relations in a particular industry made earlier in the text. B. It offers an example of a trend in the World War II–era economy discussed earlier in the text. C. It notes a possible exception to the historical narrative of labor activism sketched earlier in the text. D. It provides further details about the identities of the workers discussed earlier in the text. Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Text Structure and Purpose DifficultyQuestion ID 03c9f327 ID: 03c9f327 The following text is from Charlotte Brontë’s 1847 novel Jane Eyre. Jane, the narrator, works as a governess at Thornfield Hall. I went on with my day’s business tranquilly; but ever and anon vague suggestions kept wandering across my brain of reasons why I should quit Thornfield; and I kept involuntarily framing advertisements and pondering conjectures about new situations: these thoughts I did not think to check; they might germinate and bear fruit if they could. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text? A. To convey a contrast between Jane’s outward calmness and internal restlessness B. To emphasize Jane’s loyalty to the people she works for at Thornfield Hall C. To demonstrate that Jane finds her situation both challenging and deeply fulfilling D. To describe Jane’s determination to secure employment outside of Thornfield Hall Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Text Structure and Purpose DifficultyQuestion ID e3f05561 ID: e3f05561 In the 1970s, video cameras became increasingly affordable for ordinary consumers and gave Ulysses Jenkins and other artists capabilities that were previously unavailable except to television broadcasters. Jenkins recognized and took full advantage of this ______ access to powerful technology to create groundbreaking works of video art, such as Mass of Images (1978). Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. newfound B. delicate C. inevitable D. habitual Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID 662ebff2 ID: 662ebff2 In response to concerns that some recent financial crises were exacerbated by consumers misunderstanding risks associated with credit cards, loans, and other financial products, policymakers in many countries have instituted riskdisclosure requirements on sellers of those products. Enrique Seira et al. investigated a variety of risk-disclosure messages sent to thousands of credit card customers and found that the messages had only small and short-lived effects on behavior. Seira et al. asserted that such effects may nevertheless be worth pursuing, given the negligible cost of messaging. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole? A. It notes a factor that led Seira et al. to not dismiss risk-disclosure messaging altogether despite their evidence of its limited utility. B. It acknowledges a type of risk-disclosure messaging that Seira et al. may not have fully accounted for in their study. C. It describes a consideration that explains why Seira et al. recommended risk-disclosure messaging even though its effects may be small relative to its costs. D. It points out a circumstance that Seira et al. conceded may make risk-disclosure messaging more effective than their study suggests. Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Text Structure and Purpose DifficultyQuestion ID c4737d6a ID: c4737d6a Text 1 Africa’s Sahara region—once a lush ecosystem—began to dry out about 8,000 years ago. A change in Earth’s orbit that affected climate has been posited as a cause of desertification, but archaeologist David Wright also attributes the shift to Neolithic peoples. He cites their adoption of pastoralism as a factor in the region drying out: the pastoralists’ livestock depleted vegetation, prompting the events that created the Sahara Desert. Text 2 Research by Chris Brierley et al. challenges the idea that Neolithic peoples contributed to the Sahara’s desertification. Using a climate-vegetation model, the team concluded that the end of the region’s humid period occurred 500 years earlier than previously assumed. The timing suggests that Neolithic peoples didn’t exacerbate aridity in the region but, in fact, may have helped delay environmental changes with practices (e.g., selective grazing) that preserved vegetation. Based on the texts, how would Chris Brierley (Text 2) most likely respond to the discussion in Text 1? A. By pointing out that given the revised timeline for the end of the Sahara’s humid period, the Neolithic peoples’ mode of subsistence likely didn’t cause the region’s desertification B. By claiming that pastoralism was only one of many behaviors the Neolithic peoples took part in that may have contributed to the Sahara’s changing climate C. By insisting that pastoralism can have both beneficial and deleterious effects on a region’s vegetation and climate D. By asserting that more research needs to be conducted into factors that likely contributed to the desertification of the Sahara region Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Cross-Text Connections DifficultyQuestion ID ID: Yawn contagion occurs when one individual yawns in response to another’s yawn. Studies of this behavior in primates have focused on populations in captivity, but biologist Elisabetta Palagi and her colleagues have shown that it can occur in wild primate populations as well. In their study, which focused on a wild population of gelada monkeys (Theropithecus gelada) in Ethiopia, the researchers further reported that yawn contagion most commonly occurred in males and across different social groups instead of within a single social group. Which choice best describes the function of the first sentence in the text as a whole? A. It defines a phenomenon that is discussed in the text. B. It introduces a problem that is examined in the text. C. It makes a claim that is challenged in the text. D. It presents a hypothesis that is evaluated in the text. Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Text Structure and Purpose DifficultyQuestion ID 710799ae ID: 710799ae Cuttlefish appear to be surprisingly ______ at exercising self-control: in a 2021 study conducted by behavioral ecologist Alexandra Schnell, these cephalopods routinely demonstrated restraint by delaying gratification, waiting for a favorite treat instead of instantly devouring a readily available meal. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. awkward B. imaginative C. manageable D. competent Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID a87c3925 ID: a87c3925 Text 1 Soy sauce, made from fermented soybeans, is noted for its umami flavor. Umami—one of the five basic tastes along with sweet, bitter, salty, and sour—was formally classified when its taste receptors were discovered in the 2000s. In 2007, to define the pure umami flavor scientists Rie Ishii and Michael O’Mahony used broths made from shiitake mushrooms and kombu seaweed, and two panels of Japanese and US judges closely agreed on a description of the taste. Text 2 A 2022 experiment by Manon Jünger et al. led to a greater understanding of soy sauce’s flavor profile. The team initially presented a mixture of compounds with low molecular weights to taste testers who found it was not as salty or bitter as real soy sauce. Further analysis of soy sauce identified proteins, including dipeptides, that enhanced umami flavor and also contributed to saltiness. The team then made a mix of 50 chemical compounds that re-created soy sauce’s flavor. Based on the texts, if Ishii and O’Mahony (Text 1) and Jünger et al. (Text 2) were aware of the findings of both experiments, they would most likely agree with which statement? A. On average, the diets of people in the United States tend to have fewer foods that contain certain dipeptides than the diets of people in Japan have. B. Chemical compounds that activate both the umami and salty taste receptors tend to have a higher molecular weight than those that only activate umami taste receptors. C. Fermentation introduces proteins responsible for the increase of umami flavor in soy sauce, and those proteins also increase the perception of saltiness. D. The broths in the 2007 experiment most likely did not have a substantial amount of the dipeptides that played a key part in the 2022 experiment. Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Cross-Text Connections DifficultyQuestion ID 4a2b2535 ID: 4a2b2535 A brief book review cannot fully convey the ______ of Olga Tokarczuk’s novel The Books of Jacob, with its enormous cast of characters, its complicated, wandering plot, and its page numbers that count backward (beginning at 965 and ending at 1). Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. accuracy B. inactivity C. complexity D. restraint Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID b0f7541b ID: b0f7541b The following text is adapted from Herman Melville’s 1857 novel The Confidence-Man. Humphry Davy was a prominent British chemist and inventor. Years ago, a grave American savant, being in London, observed at an evening party there, a certain coxcombical fellow, as he thought, an absurd ribbon in his lapel, and full of smart [banter], whisking about to the admiration of as many as were disposed to admire. Great was the savant’s disdain; but, chancing ere long to find himself in a corner with the jackanapes, got into conversation with him, when he was somewhat ill-prepared for the good sense of the jackanapes, but was altogether thrown aback, upon subsequently being [informed that he was] no less a personage than Sir Humphry Davy. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text? A. It portrays the thoughts of a character who is embarrassed about his own behavior. B. It presents an account of a misunderstanding. C. It offers a short history of how a person came to be famous. D. It explains why one character dislikes another. Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Text Structure and Purpose DifficultyQuestion ID 8d802289 ID: 8d802289 Text 1 Dance choreographer Alvin Ailey’s deep admiration for jazz music can most clearly be felt in the rhythms and beats his works were set to. Ailey collaborated with some of the greatest jazz legends, like Charles Mingus, Charlie Parker, and perhaps his favorite, Duke Ellington. With his choice of music, Ailey helped bring jazz to life for his audiences. Text 2 Jazz is present throughout Ailey’s work, but it’s most visible in Ailey’s approach to choreography. Ailey often incorporated improvisation, a signature characteristic of jazz music, in his work. When managing his dance company, Ailey rarely forced his dancers to an exact set of specific moves. Instead, he encouraged his dancers to let their own skills and experiences shape their performances, as jazz musicians do. Based on the texts, both authors would most likely agree with which statement? A. Dancers who worked with Ailey greatly appreciated his supportive approach as a choreographer. B. Ailey’s work was strongly influenced by jazz. C. Audiences were mostly unfamiliar with the jazz music in Ailey’s works. D. Ailey blended multiple genres of music together when choreographing dance pieces. Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Cross-Text Connections DifficultyQuestion ID 7bf79a90 ID: 7bf79a90 Text 1 Microbes are tiny organisms in the soil, water, and air all around us. They thrive even in very harsh conditions. That’s why Noah Fierer and colleagues were surprised when soil samples they collected from an extremely cold, dry area in Antarctica didn’t seem to contain any life. The finding doesn’t prove that there are no microbes in that area, but the team says it does suggest that the environment severely restricts microbes’ survival. Text 2 Microbes are found in virtually every environment on Earth. So it’s unlikely they would be completely absent from Fierer’s team’s study site, no matter how extreme the environment is. There were probably so few organisms in the samples that current technology couldn’t detect them. But since a spoonful of typical soil elsewhere might contain billions of microbes, the presence of so few in the Antarctic soil samples would show how challenging the conditions are. Based on the texts, Fierer’s team and the author of Text 2 would most likely agree with which statement about microbes? A. Most microbes are better able to survive in environments with extremely dry conditions than in environments with harsh temperatures. B. A much higher number of microbes would probably be found if another sample of soil were taken from the Antarctic study site. C. Microbes are likely difficult to detect in the soil at the Antarctic study site because they tend to be smaller than microbes found in typical soil elsewhere. D. Most microbes are probably unable to withstand the soil conditions at the Antarctic study site. Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Cross-Text Connections DifficultyQuestion ID 9ccf463e ID: 9ccf463e The following text is from Nella Larsen’s 1928 novel Quicksand. The trees in their spring beauty sent through her restive mind a sharp thrill of pleasure. Seductive, charming, and beckoning as cities were, they had not this easy unhuman loveliness. As used in the text, what does the word “beckoning” most nearly mean? A. Demanding B. Signaling C. Inviting D. Shifting Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID 835d1ae6 ID: 835d1ae6 Text 1 Historians studying pre-Inca Peru have looked to ceramic vessels to understand daily life among the Moche people. These mold-made sculptures present plants, animals, and human faces in precise ways—vessels representing human faces are so detailed that scholars have interpreted facial markings to represent scars and other skin irregularities. Some historians have even used these objects to identify potential skin diseases that may have afflicted people at the time. Text 2 Art historian and archaeologist Lisa Trever has argued that the interpretation of Moche “portrait” vessels as hyper-realistic portrayals of identifiable people may inadvertently disregard the creativity of the objects’ creators. Moche ceramic vessels, Trever argues, are artworks in which sculptors could free their imagination, using realistic objects and people around them as inspiration to explore more abstract concepts. Based on the texts, what would Lisa Trever (Text 2) most likely say about the interpretation presented in the underlined portion of Text 1? A. Depictions of human faces are significantly more realistic than depictions of plants and other animals are. B. It is likely that some depictions of human faces with extensive markings are intended to portray the same historical individual. C. Some vessels may have been damaged during their excavation and thus provide little insight into Moche culture. D. Markings on depictions of human faces are not necessarily intended to portray particular details about the physical appearance of individuals. Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Cross-Text Connections DifficultyQuestion ID af4300b0 ID: af4300b0 The creation of Lotte Reiniger’s 1926 animated film The Adventures of Prince Achmed was ______ process. Over the course of three years, Reiniger and her collaborators painstakingly made more than 250,000 individual images of hand-cut paper silhouettes and repeatedly had to invent entirely new methods and tools to create the special effects Reiniger envisioned. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. a haphazard B. a contentious C. an ineffectual D. an arduous Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID ca47273b ID: ca47273b Biologist Jane Edgeloe and colleagues have located what is believed to be the largest individual plant in the world in the Shark Bay area of Australia. The plant is a type of seagrass called Posidonia australis, and it ______ approximately 200 square kilometers. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. acknowledges B. produces C. spans D. advances Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID 4c4db685 ID: 4c4db685 On painter William H. Johnson’s return to the United States in 1938 after a decade in Europe, his style underwent an abrupt transformation. Turning away from landscapes painted in an expressionist style—a style that often involves using fluid, distorted shapes and thick, textured brushstrokes to express the artist’s subjective experience of reality—Johnson began painting portraits of Black Americans in a bold new way. Evocative of African sculpture and American and Scandinavian folk art, these portraits feature flat, deliberately oversimplified figures in a vibrant but limited color palette. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole? A. It elaborates on the previous sentence’s statement about a transitional moment in Johnson’s artistic career. B. It provides information about Johnson’s travels in support of a claim about his artistic influences, which is advanced in the following sentence. C. It recounts a moment in Johnson’s personal life that enabled the success of his subsequent career, which is summarized in the following sentence. D. It presents evidence that calls into question the previous sentence’s characterization of Johnson’s artistic development. Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Text Structure and Purpose DifficultyQuestion ID cf46f239 ID: cf46f239 The following text is adapted from Herman Melville’s 1855 novel Israel Potter. Israel is a young man wandering through New England during the late eighteenth century. He hired himself out for three months; at the end of that time to receive for his wages two hundred acres of land lying in New Hampshire. [...] His employer proving false to the contract in the matter of the land, and there being no law in the country to force him to fulfil it, Israel—who, however brave-hearted, and even much of a dare-devil upon a pinch, seems nevertheless to have evinced, throughout many parts of his career, a singular patience and mildness—was obliged to look round for other means of livelihood than clearing out a farm for himself in the wilderness. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole? A. It implies that Israel treasures a particular characteristic of his personality when that characteristic should usually be regarded as a flaw. B. It suggests that if not for a certain aspect of his character, Israel might not have been as easily thwarted in his ambition to establish a farm. C. It shows why Israel would not have been able to undertake the enormous amount of labor necessary to run a farm even if he had owned the necessary property. D. It explains why, when the situation requires it, Israel is able to undertake courageous acts that others would generally avoid. Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Text Structure and Purpose DifficultyQuestion ID 69a6d050 ID: 69a6d050 In the early 1800s, the Cherokee scholar Sequoyah created the first script, or writing system, for an Indigenous language in the United States. Because it represented the sounds of spoken Cherokee so accurately, his script was easy to learn and thus quickly achieved ______ use: by 1830, over 90 percent of the Cherokee people could read and write it. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. widespread B. careful C. unintended D. infrequent Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID 805e361d ID: 805e361d Companies are providing consumers with more opportunities to purchase customized products than ever before. Whether buying customized sneakers, jewelry, or clothing, consumers can participate in the design of products to meet their specific needs and tastes. In turn, companies profit too: studies have shown that consumers are willing to pay more and wait longer for a customized product. Still, it can be difficult for companies to offer customization while keeping costs low, as the standard methods of mass production may not be able to accommodate making a unique product each time. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text? A. It discusses several recent innovations in product manufacturing and then suggests some potential applications of those innovations. B. It describes a company’s recent success with new products and then explains multiple factors that may have contributed to that success. C. It introduces a trend in consumer products and then explains how the trend both benefits and poses a challenge to companies. D. It presents two contrasting product-marketing techniques and then provides examples of one of those techniques. Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Text Structure and Purpose DifficultyQuestion ID 81da17d3 ID: 81da17d3 Text 1 Italian painters in the 1500s rarely depicted themselves in their work. Even more rare were self-portrait paintings that portrayed the artist as a painter. At the time, painting was not yet respected as a profession, so painters mostly chose to emphasize other qualities in their self-portraits, like their intellect or social status. In the city of Bologna, the first artist to depict themself painting was a man named Annibale Carracci. A painting of his from around 1585 shows Carracci in front of an easel holding a palette. Text 2 In their self-portraits, Bolognese artists typically avoided referring to the act of painting until the mid-1600s. However, Lavinia Fontana’s 1577 painting, Self-Portrait at the Keyboard, stands out as the earliest example of such a work by an artist from Bologna. Although the artist is depicted playing music, in the background, one can spot a painting easel by a window. Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 most likely respond to the underlined claim in Text 1? A. Carracci and Fontana were among the most well-respected painters in Bologna at the time. B. The depiction of Fontana in Self-Portrait at the Keyboard was intended to underscore the artist’s creativity. C. Fontana likely inspired the reference to an easel and palette in Carracci’s painting. D. Self-Portrait at the Keyboard was painted earlier than Carracci’s painting and also refers to the artist’s craft. Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Cross-Text Connections DifficultyQuestion ID 617a8a10 ID: 617a8a10 Very little is known about the role nocturnal insects, such as moths, play in flower pollination because it is difficult to monitor insects at night. To address this problem, a team of scientists used time-lapse cameras to record pollinator visits to red clover all day and night. The recordings showed that while most pollinator visits were by bumblebees, one-third of visits were by moths. Additionally, flowers that were visited by both moths and bees produced more seeds than flowers that were only visited by bees. Which choice best states the function of the underlined sentence? A. To describe an approach a team of scientists used to study pollinators B. To question a claim scientists make about pollinators C. To explain why moths prefer red clover to other flowers D. To announce an unexpected research finding about red clover Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Text Structure and Purpose DifficultyQuestion ID e41dfaab ID: e41dfaab In 1929 the Atlantic Monthly published several articles based on newly discovered letters allegedly exchanged between President Abraham Lincoln and a woman named Ann Rutledge. Historians were unable to ______ the authenticity of the letters, however, and quickly dismissed them as a hoax. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. validate B. interpret C. relate D. accommodate Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID e13171c4 ID: e13171c4 Historians Tiya Miles and Roy E. Finkenbine have both documented the assistance Indigenous peoples gave to Black freedom seekers leaving the South before the US Civil War. Much of the historical evidence of this help comes from Indigenous oral traditions and from autobiographies written by the freedom seekers. One such narrative is Jermain Loguen’s autobiography, which tells about how Neshnabé (Potawatomi) villagers offered him food, lodging, and directions during his 1835 journey from Tennessee to Canada. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence? A. It provides an example of an autobiography that describes help given by an Indigenous people to a Black freedom seeker. B. It shows why Loguen decided to write in great detail about his experiences traveling from Tennessee to Canada in his autobiography. C. It argues that autobiographies are particularly important sources of information about geography in the United States before the Civil War. D. It suggests that most historians believe that Neshnabé villagers were more successful in assisting freedom seekers than other people were. Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Text Structure and Purpose DifficultyQuestion ID 4d1a9c0d ID: 4d1a9c0d Following the principles of community-based participatory research, tribal nations and research institutions are equal partners in health studies conducted on reservations. A collaboration between the Crow Tribe and Montana State University ‐ ______ this model: tribal citizens worked alongside scientists to design the methodology and continue to assist in data collection. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. circumvents B. eclipses C. fabricates D. exemplifies Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID 5effa190 ID: 5effa190 The process of mechanically recycling plastics is often considered ______ because of the environmental impact and the loss of material quality that often occurs. But chemist Takunda Chazovachii has helped develop a cleaner process of chemical recycling that converts superabsorbent polymers from diapers into a desirable reusable adhesive. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. resilient B. inadequate C. dynamic D. satisfactory Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID a49500cc ID: a49500cc Predatory animals differ widely in how they ______ food for their young. Some leave dead prey nearby for their young to consume, some bring live prey to their young, and some feed their young directly from their own mouths. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. avoid B. guess C. provide D. describe Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID f3fac04f ID: f3fac04f Bioluminescent beetles called fireflies may seem to create flashes of light randomly, but each species of firefly actually has its own special series of repeated flashes and pauses. These unique ______ allow fireflies of the same species to find each other. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A. quantities B. decorations C. patterns D. agreements Assessment SAT Test Reading and Writing Domain Craft and Structure Skill Words in Context DifficultyQuestion ID d6c77ae5 ID: d6c77ae5 Text 1 Astronomer Mark Holland and colleagues examined four white dwarfs—small, dense remnants of past stars—in order to determine the composition of exoplanets that used to orbit those stars. Studying wavelengths of light in the white dwarf atmospheres, the team reported that traces of elements such as lithium and sodium support the presence of exoplanets with continental crusts similar to Earth’s. Text 2 Past studies of white dwarf atmospheres have concluded that certain exoplanets had continental