Pathophysiology Practice Exam
2026 | Most Tested Questions |
Detailed Explanations & Verified
Answers
Nucleus - correct answer-Contains the genetic information of the cell
Nuleolus - correct answer-Produces RNA which transcribes, processes, which
sends out information to the ribosomes.
Smoothe Endoplasmic Reticulum - correct answer-Production of phospholipids
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - correct answer-Site of synthesis of lysosomes and
proteins for intracellular and extracellular use.
Ribosomes - correct answer-Aids in protein production on the rough endoplasmic
reticulum as well as polysomes (messenger RNA and ribosomes).
,The ribosomes along with transfer RNA interpret messenger RNA which carries
the genetic material of the cell.
Golgi apparatus - correct answer-Sorts, chemically modifies, and packages
proteins produced on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Lysosomes - correct answer-Combines with food vacuoles and digests materials
engulfed by cells. Lysosome membrane separates digestive enzymes from the
cytoplasm.
Peroxisomes - correct answer-Breaks down various potentially toxic intracellular
molecules and is involved in nerve cell myelin sheath development.
Mitochondria - correct answer-Contains enzymes to convert food into energy.
ATP production occurs in the mitochondria.
Cilia - correct answer-Propels materials along the surface of certain cells.
Centrioles - correct answer-Helps organize spindle apparatus necessary for cell
division.
secretory vesicles - correct answer-Stores protein hormones or enzymes in the
cytoplasm awaiting the signal for release to the outside of the cell.
,food vacuole - correct answer-Stores ingested material and combines with
lysosomes. It is the site of digestion and degradation of engulfed materials. (for
example autophagy)
Describe the characteristics of the different types of epithelial cells. - correct
answer-Epithelial cells line the outside and all interior areas of the body. The
structure depends on the location and function of the cell.
Simple epithelium - a single layer of cells
Stratified epithelium - multiple layers of cells
Different epithelial cell shapes include squamous, cuboidal, and columnar.
What are the functions of epithelial cells? - correct answer-Epithelial cells provide
protection as well as play a role in absorption, secretion, and excretion.
An example of the protective function is that of the stratified squamous
epithelium of the skin, mouth, esophagus, and vagina.
Keratin is on the outer side of the skin. These are made of a fibrous protein that is
shed and replenished.
List the 3 types of connective tissue and discuss their characteristics. - correct
answer-Connective tissue is made up of a large extra-cellular matrix and fibroblast
cells that produce several types of fibers.
, The three types of fiber are collagen, elastin, and reticular.
What is the function of connective tissue? - correct answer-The most common
function of connective tissue is to support, attach, and store within the body.
What are the different types of muscle tissue? - correct answer-Different types of
muscle fibers include smooth, cardiac, or skeletal.
These fibers can be voluntary or involuntary (eg. Smooth muscle in the blood
vessels).
These are incapable of division and replication.
Describe the process of muscle contraction. - correct answer-1. Fiber stimulation
leads to an action potential, 2. depolarization and the release of calcium.
3.The calcium binds to troponin which then uncovers the actin-binding sites and
allows for myosin stands to pull the actin, leading to contraction. This process
requires ATP.
Relaxation occurs when there is no longer stimulation or ATP. Calcium is then
pumped back in and the tropomyosin covers the actin-binding sites.
What are the functions of muscle tissue? - correct answer-Muscle fiber leads to
movement as well as heart contraction and contraction of blood vessels.
What are the two different types of nerve cells? - correct answer-Neurons
Neuroglial cells
2026 | Most Tested Questions |
Detailed Explanations & Verified
Answers
Nucleus - correct answer-Contains the genetic information of the cell
Nuleolus - correct answer-Produces RNA which transcribes, processes, which
sends out information to the ribosomes.
Smoothe Endoplasmic Reticulum - correct answer-Production of phospholipids
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - correct answer-Site of synthesis of lysosomes and
proteins for intracellular and extracellular use.
Ribosomes - correct answer-Aids in protein production on the rough endoplasmic
reticulum as well as polysomes (messenger RNA and ribosomes).
,The ribosomes along with transfer RNA interpret messenger RNA which carries
the genetic material of the cell.
Golgi apparatus - correct answer-Sorts, chemically modifies, and packages
proteins produced on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Lysosomes - correct answer-Combines with food vacuoles and digests materials
engulfed by cells. Lysosome membrane separates digestive enzymes from the
cytoplasm.
Peroxisomes - correct answer-Breaks down various potentially toxic intracellular
molecules and is involved in nerve cell myelin sheath development.
Mitochondria - correct answer-Contains enzymes to convert food into energy.
ATP production occurs in the mitochondria.
Cilia - correct answer-Propels materials along the surface of certain cells.
Centrioles - correct answer-Helps organize spindle apparatus necessary for cell
division.
secretory vesicles - correct answer-Stores protein hormones or enzymes in the
cytoplasm awaiting the signal for release to the outside of the cell.
,food vacuole - correct answer-Stores ingested material and combines with
lysosomes. It is the site of digestion and degradation of engulfed materials. (for
example autophagy)
Describe the characteristics of the different types of epithelial cells. - correct
answer-Epithelial cells line the outside and all interior areas of the body. The
structure depends on the location and function of the cell.
Simple epithelium - a single layer of cells
Stratified epithelium - multiple layers of cells
Different epithelial cell shapes include squamous, cuboidal, and columnar.
What are the functions of epithelial cells? - correct answer-Epithelial cells provide
protection as well as play a role in absorption, secretion, and excretion.
An example of the protective function is that of the stratified squamous
epithelium of the skin, mouth, esophagus, and vagina.
Keratin is on the outer side of the skin. These are made of a fibrous protein that is
shed and replenished.
List the 3 types of connective tissue and discuss their characteristics. - correct
answer-Connective tissue is made up of a large extra-cellular matrix and fibroblast
cells that produce several types of fibers.
, The three types of fiber are collagen, elastin, and reticular.
What is the function of connective tissue? - correct answer-The most common
function of connective tissue is to support, attach, and store within the body.
What are the different types of muscle tissue? - correct answer-Different types of
muscle fibers include smooth, cardiac, or skeletal.
These fibers can be voluntary or involuntary (eg. Smooth muscle in the blood
vessels).
These are incapable of division and replication.
Describe the process of muscle contraction. - correct answer-1. Fiber stimulation
leads to an action potential, 2. depolarization and the release of calcium.
3.The calcium binds to troponin which then uncovers the actin-binding sites and
allows for myosin stands to pull the actin, leading to contraction. This process
requires ATP.
Relaxation occurs when there is no longer stimulation or ATP. Calcium is then
pumped back in and the tropomyosin covers the actin-binding sites.
What are the functions of muscle tissue? - correct answer-Muscle fiber leads to
movement as well as heart contraction and contraction of blood vessels.
What are the two different types of nerve cells? - correct answer-Neurons
Neuroglial cells
