Advanced Pharmacology Exam Questions
And Answers Latest
Prescription writing: required pt and prescriber info
Patient's name and full address
Date of prescription
Prescriber's full name, address, and phone number
Prescriber's DEA # if controlled substance
Prescription writing: required drug info
Name (don't abbreviate)
Strength and vehicle
Dosage
Route of administration
Directions (Sig) for taking the med: frequency, timing, details specific to
drug
Amount to be dispensed
Refills
Critical Rx Information?
DAW vs generic, refill #, dose form, length of therapy/quantity, pt Ax, date
of Rx, route, signature, DEA #
"Rational" Prescribing Process, WHO
Choose a rational treatment
Selection of P-drugs (Personal drugs)
Treating the pt (select, Rx, monitor)
Keeping up-to-date
What are P-drugs?
P(ersonal) drugs - those that you are going to prescribe regularly and with
which you become familiar
Steps of Rational Prescribing
,Define the pt's problem
Specify the therapeutic objective
Choose Tx
Verify: efficacy, safety, suitability, cost
Start Tx (write a clear Rx)
Educate! Give inform instructions, warnings
Monitor treatment
What is DAW in prescribing?
Dispense as written
"Rights" of a prescription
Patient
Medication
Dose
Route
Dose schedule
Does this make sense for this drug, patient, situation?
Pharmacokinetics
How the body affects a drug
Pharmacodynamics
How a drug affects the body - effects that occur at the cellular and systemic
levels
Pharmacogenomics
General study of how one's individual genetic variation affects drug behavior
Four components of pharmacokinetics
ADME - absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Absorption
How (well) does the body uptake the drug?
Distribution
Transportation of the drug to the site of action
How (well) is the drug carried to the site of action?
Elimination
, How (well) is the drug cleared from the body?
All types of absorption are affected by...
Drug properties (molecular weight, lipid solubility) pKa, drug formulation,
disintegration time, dissolution rate)
Enteral Absorption - GI tract - affected by? (4 things)
Blood flow to area of absorption
First pass effect
Cellular membrane permeability (passive vs. active)
GI motility (absence/presence of food in stomach, other drugs)
Parenteral Absorption - affected by? (2 things)
Blood flow to area of absorption
Cell membrane permeability (passive vs. active transport)
Bioavailability
Percentage of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation
Ex: IV route = 100% bioavailability
First pass effect
PO drug that is absorbed in the GI tract and metabolized via liver before
reaching systemic circulation
Distribution is dependent upon... (3 things)
Route of administration
Blood flow
Solubility of drug (lipid/water)
In what forms can the drug circulate?
In what form can a drug affect the body? What is that dependent on?
Can be free, bound to protein, or stored in tissue in equilibrium
Only unbound/free drug can exert effect on body
Percentage of free drug in circulation is dependent on...
specific drug properties and patient factors (nutritional status, renal
function, albumin levels, etc)
Volume of Distribution (Vd)
Measurement of extent of distribution of drug in body
And Answers Latest
Prescription writing: required pt and prescriber info
Patient's name and full address
Date of prescription
Prescriber's full name, address, and phone number
Prescriber's DEA # if controlled substance
Prescription writing: required drug info
Name (don't abbreviate)
Strength and vehicle
Dosage
Route of administration
Directions (Sig) for taking the med: frequency, timing, details specific to
drug
Amount to be dispensed
Refills
Critical Rx Information?
DAW vs generic, refill #, dose form, length of therapy/quantity, pt Ax, date
of Rx, route, signature, DEA #
"Rational" Prescribing Process, WHO
Choose a rational treatment
Selection of P-drugs (Personal drugs)
Treating the pt (select, Rx, monitor)
Keeping up-to-date
What are P-drugs?
P(ersonal) drugs - those that you are going to prescribe regularly and with
which you become familiar
Steps of Rational Prescribing
,Define the pt's problem
Specify the therapeutic objective
Choose Tx
Verify: efficacy, safety, suitability, cost
Start Tx (write a clear Rx)
Educate! Give inform instructions, warnings
Monitor treatment
What is DAW in prescribing?
Dispense as written
"Rights" of a prescription
Patient
Medication
Dose
Route
Dose schedule
Does this make sense for this drug, patient, situation?
Pharmacokinetics
How the body affects a drug
Pharmacodynamics
How a drug affects the body - effects that occur at the cellular and systemic
levels
Pharmacogenomics
General study of how one's individual genetic variation affects drug behavior
Four components of pharmacokinetics
ADME - absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Absorption
How (well) does the body uptake the drug?
Distribution
Transportation of the drug to the site of action
How (well) is the drug carried to the site of action?
Elimination
, How (well) is the drug cleared from the body?
All types of absorption are affected by...
Drug properties (molecular weight, lipid solubility) pKa, drug formulation,
disintegration time, dissolution rate)
Enteral Absorption - GI tract - affected by? (4 things)
Blood flow to area of absorption
First pass effect
Cellular membrane permeability (passive vs. active)
GI motility (absence/presence of food in stomach, other drugs)
Parenteral Absorption - affected by? (2 things)
Blood flow to area of absorption
Cell membrane permeability (passive vs. active transport)
Bioavailability
Percentage of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation
Ex: IV route = 100% bioavailability
First pass effect
PO drug that is absorbed in the GI tract and metabolized via liver before
reaching systemic circulation
Distribution is dependent upon... (3 things)
Route of administration
Blood flow
Solubility of drug (lipid/water)
In what forms can the drug circulate?
In what form can a drug affect the body? What is that dependent on?
Can be free, bound to protein, or stored in tissue in equilibrium
Only unbound/free drug can exert effect on body
Percentage of free drug in circulation is dependent on...
specific drug properties and patient factors (nutritional status, renal
function, albumin levels, etc)
Volume of Distribution (Vd)
Measurement of extent of distribution of drug in body
